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AWS Associate Solutions Architect Exam > EC2 > Flashcards

EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the instance types?

A

General purpose
Compute optimized
Memory optimized
Storage optimized

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2
Q

What workloads are general purpose EC2 instances good for?

A

Diverse workloads such as code repositories and web servers

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3
Q

What workloads are Compute optimized EC2 instances good for?

A

Compute-intensive tasks that require high performance

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4
Q

What workloads are Memory optimized EC2 instances good for?

A

Fast performance workloads that process large data sets in memory

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5
Q

What workloads are Storage optimized EC2 instances good for?

A

storage-intensive tasks that require high, sequential read and write access to large data sets on local storage

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6
Q

What is a security group?

A

Firewall around EC2 instances that controls how traffic is allowed into or out of EC2 instances

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7
Q

What do security groups regulate?

A

Access Ports
Authorized IP ranges
Inbound network traffic
Outbound network traffic

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8
Q

What should you do when an EC2 instance needs to access AWS?

A

Assign it a role

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9
Q

What are the EC2 purchasing options?

A 
On-Demand Instances
Reserved Instances
Spot instances
Dedicated Hosts
Dedicated instances
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10
Q

What type of workloads are a good fit for On-Demand Instances?

A

Short term and uninterrupted workloads

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11
Q

What are key characters for On-Demand Instances?

A

Pay for what you use
Highest cost with no upfront payment
No long-term commitment

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12
Q

What type of workloads are a good fit for Reserved Instances?

A

Long term, steady-state usage applications (i.e database)

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13
Q

What are the reserved instance types?

A

Reserved Instances
Convertible Reserved Instances
Schedule Reserved Instances

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14
Q

What EC2 purchasing option is the most cost expensive?

A

Dedicated hosts

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15
Q

What EC2 purchasing option is the least cost expensive?

A

Spot instances

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16
Q

What are the savings when using spot instances compared to On-Demand?

A

90%

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17
Q

What are the savings when using reserved instances?

A

75% when compared to On-Demand instances

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18
Q

What is the contract commitment when using reserved instances?

A

1 to 3 years

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19
Q

What are dedicated hosts?

A

A dedicated physical server

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20
Q

Why use a dedicated host?

A

Government compliance requirements

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21
Q

What are characteristics of dedicate hosts?

A

single instance on a single dedicate physical server
Hardware is not shared by other instances
Control over instance placement

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22
Q

What are the dedicate hosts use cases?

A

Software that has complicated licensing model

Companies that have strong regulatory or compliance needs

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23
Q

How long can dedicates hosts be reserved?

A

3 years

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24
Q

What are dedicate instances?

A

One or more instances running on a dedicated physical server

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25
Q

What are characteristics of dedicate instances?

A

No control over instance placement (can’t move hardware after stop / start)
Automatic instance placement
All instances are on same physical server

26
Q

What are strategies for handling spot instances?

A

Set max spot price
Spot Block
Know the type of instance needed

27
Q

What is spot block?

A

Block spot instance during specified time frame without interruptions

28
Q

What can be done to instances that exceed max spot price?

A

Stop or terminate the instance

29
Q

How to terminate spot instances?

A

Cancel spot instance and then terminate it

30
Q

What are Spot Fleets?

A

Set of spit instances + (optional) on-demand instances

31
Q

What are strategies for allocating spot instances?

A

Lowest Price
Diversified
Capacity Optimized

32
Q

What is the lowest price allocation strategy?

A

Spot instances are allocated from the pool with the lowest price (cost optimized, short workload)

33
Q

What is the diversified allocation strategy?

A

Spot instances are distributed across all pools (great availability, long workloads)

34
Q

What is the capacity optimized allocation strategy?

A

Spot instances are allocated from a pool with the optimal capacity for the number of instances

35
Q

What are the placement group strategies?

A

Cluster
Spread
Partition

36
Q

What are the characteristics of a cluster?

A

All instances are on the same hardware (rack)

37
Q

What is a cluster strategy?

A

placement group strategy that places instances into low-latency group in single AZ

38
Q

What are disadvantage(s) when using a cluster strategy?

A

If rack fails all instances fail

39
Q

What are advantage(s) when using a cluster strategy?

A

offers low latency and high speed network

40
Q

What is a spread strategy?

A

placement group strategy that spreads instances across underlying hardware

41
Q

What are the characteristics of a spread strategy?

A

max 7 instances per group per Availability zone

42
Q

What type of applications use the spread strategy?

A

critical applications that need high availability and in which failures are isolated

43
Q

What are advantage(s) when using a spread strategy?

A

Located on different hardware
Spans across AZs
Reduced risk in case of failure

44
Q

What are disadvantage(s) when using a spread strategy?

A

Limited to 7 instances per AZ per placement group

45
Q

What is a partition strategy?

A

placement group strategy that spreads instances across different partitions (different sets of racks) within an AZ

46
Q

What are advantage(s) when using a partition strategy?

A

Instances in different partitions are separated, in case of failure
Scales to hundreds of EC2 instances per group
Have up to 7 partitions per AZ in the same region

47
Q

What type of applications use the partition strategy?

A

Big data applications

48
Q

What is an Elastic Network Interfaces (ENI)?

A

Logical component in a VPC that represents a virtual network card

49
Q

What are characteristics of an ENI?

A

Gives EC2 instances access to the network
Gives a private IPv4 and secondary IPv4 address
Gives one elastic IP per private IPv4
Has one or more security groups
Has a MAC address

50
Q

What are an ENI’s limitation(s)?

A

Bound to a specific availability zone and single instance

51
Q

What is EC2 Hibernate?

A

Service that preserves the state of an EC2 instances RAM

52
Q

What are the advantages of using Hibernate?

A

Instance boot time is faster

53
Q

What are Hibernate’s characteristics?

A

RAM state is written to a file in the root EBS volume

The root EBS volume must be encrypted

54
Q

What type of applications use Hibernate?

A

Long-running processing
Need to save RAM state
Services that take time to initialize

55
Q

What is EC2 Nitro?

A

Underlying platform for higher speed EBS volumes that need increased I/O operations

56
Q

What are advantages of using EC2 Nitro?

A

Better networking options
Higher speeds EBS
Better underlying security

57
Q

What is a vCPU?

A

A thread in a CPU

58
Q

How many vCPUs per core?

A

2

59
Q

What are the advantages of using EC2 capacity reservations?

A

Ensures you have EC2 capacity in advance when needed

60
Q

What commitments are required for EC2 capacity reservations?

A

No commitments

AWS Associate Solutions Architect Exam (4 decks)

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