EC130B4 Emergency Procedures Flashcards
TAIL ROTOR CONTROL FAILURE IN HOVER IGE
LAND IMMEDIATELY
- Twist grip - Idle detent
- Collective - Increase to cushion touch down
The helicopter will yaw to the left with a rotational speed depending on the amount of power and the forward speed set at the time of the failure.
WHEN EBCAU ENGAGED WHAT FUNCTIONS ARE PROVIDED?
- NF control between 388 and 400 rpm
- Anti-surge protection when NG above 80%
- Back up valve return to neutral position after untimely back-up system activation
IN FLIGHT
- Collective - REDUCE POWER
- MONITOR MGB TEMP & MGB P
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
IN FLIGHT
- KEEP AIRCRAFT AT MORE OR LESS LEVEL ATTITUDE
- AVOID ABRUPT MANEUVERS
- MAINTAIN ANGLE OF BANK LOWER THAN 30º
- MAINTAIN IAS BELLOW 110 (or VNE IF LOWER)
- LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
- NORMAL APPROACH AND LANDING
LIMIT light may be on if LH circuit failed OR during load factor maneuvers. One remaining circuit allows continued safe flight and landing.
Under high load factor, servocontrol reversibility can be encountered
WHEN THE BATTERY AND GENERATOR ARE OFF, DOES THE VEMD WORK?
NO
IN FLIGHT
REDUCE AIRSPEED TO 70 KIAS
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
Descent & app at low sink rate
IN FLIGHT
- Collective pitch - REDUCE POWER
- LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
LOW POWER APPROACH A& LANDING
BE PREPARED FOR FLAME OUT
T/O prohibited, Turbomeca MM
Tq INDICATOR FAILURE
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
As with all of these failures…
Respect Ng per table.
IN FLIGHT w/ CRFS
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
- APPROX. 18 MIN FLIGHT TIME AT MCP
- AVOID LARGE ATTITUDE CHANGES
126 lb, 18.5 GAL FUEL REMAINING (at 6.8 lb/gal)
WILL THE EBCAU BE AVAILABLE IF THE NF INDICATOR FAILS?
EBCAU may NOT be available
NOTE 1
The Nf value can be read on the VEMD screen. Press [SELECT], then [+] as many times as required to display the parameter in the rectangular window at the bottom of the FLI or 3-data screen.
NOTE 2
In case of Nf indication failure, the EBCAU may not be available.
Hover, Takeoff or Final
Land Immediately
Carry out a no hover, powered landing,
once on the ground same as Fire at Start up.
- START SELECTOR - OFF
- EMERG FUEL SHUT OFF HANDLE - AFT
- BOOSTER PUMP - OFF
- CRANK - 10 SEC
- EMER SW - OFF
- ROTOR BRAKE - APPLY (170 RPM)
- EVACUATE - FIGHT FIRE
IN FLIGHT
Practicable, possible or immediately?
REDUCE POWER
IF LIGHT GOES OUT - CONTINUE AT REDUCED POWER but…
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
IF LIGHT REMAINS ON - LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
IF Ng OSCILLATIONS OCCUR LAND IMMEDIATELY - AUTOROTATION PROCEDURE APPLY
IN FLIGHT
In high speed cruise flight or steep maneuvers :
- Collective - Reduce power
- Cyclic - Reduce speed or load factor.
At rearward speed or hovering in high tail wind :
- Cyclic - Reduce rearward speed
Reduce tailwind component.
CONTINUE FLIGHT
Main servo maximum load reached
or
Maximum rotor head stress reached
POWER FAILURE IN HOVER IGE
- Collective - Maintain
- Pedals - Control yaw
- Collective - Increase as needed to cushion touch down
IN FLIGHT
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
Seized servo rotary distribution valve
IN FLIGHT
INCREASE TWIST GRIP TO FLIGHT DETENT
CONTINUE FLIGHT
FOR LOSS OF Ng, Tq, or T4 parameters, WHAT VEMD INDICATION WILL YOU GET?
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
As with all of these failures…
FLI replaced by 3 param and the failed indication is displayed in a yellow arc
Failure message is displayed.
FLAME-OUT IN CRUISE FLIGHT
but OVER WATER
Apply same procedure as over land, (except after touch down items), but maneuver to head the aircraft equally between the wind and waves direction on final approach. Ditch with minimum forward and vertical speed. Then …
• After touch-down
- Collective pitch…………………..MAINTAIN.
- Door emergency handles ……..PULL-UP.
- Rotor brake ………………………..APPLY.
- Abandon aircraft once the rotor has stopped.
IN FLIGHT
Reduce power
Turn on start booster pump
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Low power approach & landing.
Be prepared for engine flame out.
IN FLIGHT
Set Speed To Vy
If light goes out
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
If light stays on
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
(Main Gear Box Oil Over 115c)
HORN Light
Check HORN - ON
CONTIUNE FLIGHT
Lite w/ Horn On = Aural warning failure
Rotor Brake INOP
- Aircraft - Headwind
- Cyclic - Sligthly into wind
- Wait for full rotor shut down before leaving aircraft.
IN FLIGHT (above 115º)
Set airspeed to 80 knots
If temperature reduces LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
If temperature remains high, LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Check the cooler fan
IN FLIGHT
- Avoid abrupt power changes
- Maintain speed below power off Vne
- LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
TOP VEMD SCREEN FAILED
Shut off power to that screen and read info from the lower screen
Informations are available using the [SCROLL] pushbutton either on the VEMD or on the collective pitch lever.
The 3-parameters engine page will be automatically
displayed on lower screen but with Tq and ΔNg off line. Only T4 and
digital Ng will be available, refer to § 3.5.4 for compliance with
limitations.
IS THE OVERHEAD FUEL CUT-OFF LEVER SAFETEY WIRED?
No, a plastic cover protects it
LOWER VEMD SCREEN FAILED
Shut off power to that screen and read info from the lower screen
Informations are available using the [SCROLL] pushbutton either on the
VEMD or on the collective pitch lever.
DURING START
DO NOT START THE ENGINE
In Flight
LAND IMMEDIATELY
- COLLECTIVE - REDUCE
- IAS - 70 KIAS
- AUTOROTATION PROCEDURE - APPLY
- EMERG SHUT OFF HANDLE - AFT
- START SELECTOR - OFF
(After Landing)
- EMER SW - OFF
- ROTOR BRAKE - APPLY (170 RPM)
- EVACUATE - FIGHT FIRE OUTSIDE
♦Ng AND Tq FAILURE
(GOV Warning can also cause this)
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
As with all of these failures…
VEMD switches to 3 param with T4 and only Ng Comply with Ng chart but…
keep T4 below 810c (replacing ♦Ng = -4 section)
IN FLIGHT
Major governor failure, emergency mode engaged
- FLIGHT PARAMs - CHECK (EBCAU engages)
- COLLECTIVE - Avoid abrubt collective changes
Ng > 80% Hp < 20000 ft
Ng > 85% Hp > 20000 ft
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
Make powered approach
Avoid steep angle
Collective pitch - SLOWLY down to low pitch
Starting selector - OFF
NR INDICATION FAILURE
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
Maintain torque above 10%
NR reading is given by Nf pointer.
POWER FAILURE IN HOVER OGE
- Collective pitch - Fully down (when NR stops decreasing)
- Cyclic - Forward to gain airspeed according to available height
- Apply autorotation procedures
IN FLIGHT
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
- KEEP AIRCRAFT AT MORE OR LESS LEVEL ATTITUDE
- AVOID ABRUPT MANEUVERS
- MAINTAIN ANGLE OF BANK LOWER THAN 30º
- MAINTAIN IAS BELLOW 110 (or VNE IF LOWER)
- NORMAL APPROACH AND LANDING
Under high load factor, servocontrol reversibility can be encountered
FRONT, LH, GEAR DRIVEN, UPPER, HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HAS FAILED. REAR, BELT DRIVEN, LOWER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS STILL EFFECTIVE.
IN FLIGHT
- REDUCE POWER
- LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
If a safe landing is not possible, continue flight to the nearest appropriate landing site, reduce power to fly at minimum power speed (Vy).
WARNING
AT LOW POWER (Vy) A MAXIMUM OF 55 MIN. OF
SIMULATED FLIGHT TIME HAS BEEN
DEMONSTRATED DURING BENCH TEST
(Main Gear Box Pressure < 1 Bar)
CAN A RUN ON LANDING BE PERFORMED IN CASE OF A TAIL ROTOR FAILURE?
NO
Autorotation Only
CAN PILOT PERFORM AN EBCAU CHECK DURING FLIGHT OR ON THE GROUND?
NO
FLASHING
Flashing at idle or during starting or shut down:
Governor redundancy failure, no impact on governing function.
- Start-up procedure: abort, report to Maintenance Manual
- Autorotation training: cancel training, return to base.
DURING START
STARTING SELECTOR - OFF IMMEDIATELY
T4 INDICATOR FAILURE
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
Respect Ng and Tq indications
If on the ground,
DO NOT attempt to start the engine
On Start Up
- START SELECTOR - OFF
- EMERG FUEL SHUT OFF HANDLE - AFT
- BOOSTER PUMP - OFF
- CRANK - 10 SEC
- EMER SW - OFF
- ROTOR BRAKE - APPLY (170 RPM)
- EVACUATE - FIGHT FIRE
RELIGHT PROCEDURES AFTER FLAMEOUT
- START SELECTOR - OFF
- FUEL PUMP - ON
- START SELECTOR - ON
The relighting sequence will therefore be automatically carried out as
soon as Ng < 17%.
- AFTER RELIGHT - FUEL PUMP OFF
At least 1000 ft (300 m) are necessary to complete relighting procedure
after flame-out.
Abnormal NR w/ Nf aligned
If NR/Nf drops below 375 rpm in flight
Eng Paramaters……….CHECK
NR/Nf………………………..CHECK aligned
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Avoid left crosswind hover. No hover Landing.
IN FLIGHT
OIL PRESSURE ALSO LOW? - LAND IMMEDIATELY
Autorotation Procedure
Shut Down Engine Time Permitting
OIL PRESSURE NORMAL? - LAND AS SOON AS PRATICAL
Pressure < 1.1 bar
PITOT Light
CONTINUE FLIGHT
PITOT ON?
Yes = Monitor Airspeed
SMOKE IN COCKPIT
SOURCE NOT IDENTIFIED
- Check heating and demisting - OFF
Clears? YES = continue flight
- EMER SW - OFF
- DCT BAT - OFF
- BAT/EPU - OFF
- GENE - OFF
- Master avionics - OFF
- VENTILATE THE CABIN
- When smoke clears, all consumers - OFF
(Check visually or via [SCU TST] if fitted)
- EMER SW - ON
- BAT/EPU - ON
- DCT BAT - ON
- GENE - ON (Check DC parametrs, if bad, GEN OFF, LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE)
Clears? No = Land ASA POSSIBLE
DC Parameters not correct = Land ASA PRACTICABLE
- GENE - OFF
- Unneccessary equip - OFF
DC Parameters correct
- Master avionics - ON
- Minimum required consumers - ON,
one by one, if return of smoke noticed, switch off that particular system for remainder of flight. - Identify source CONTINUE FLIGHT
- When [MASTER SWITCH] or [EMER SW] is actuated or battery and generator are off line, the VEMD goes off. Apply the procedure for failure of both screens (§ 3.5.1 VEMD SCREEN FAILURE Section 3).
————————————————————————————–
- *SOURCE IDENTIFIED**
1. Corresponding system …………. OFF.
2. Ventilate the cabin.
CONTINUE FLIGHT depending on system failed.
WHAT ARE THE HYDRAULIC PRESSURES?
Below 20 bar HYD light
Above 35 bar fluid routed back into sytem
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Emergency conditions are urgent and require landing at the nearest
landing site at which a safe landing can be made.
IN FLIGHT
Check your Caution Warning Panel (CWP) for ENG P light.
If Illuminated,
LAND IMMEDIATELY (Auto procedure)
Shut down time permiting
If ENG P light is not illuminated, but works when tested,
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
BATT (Yellow light)
BAT/EPU - CHECK ON
YES = CHECK voltage on VEMD
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
If BATT/EPU was off just turn it on and CONTINUE FLIGHT
TAIL ROTOR CONTROL FAILURE IN CRUISE FLIGHT
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
- Cyclic - Adjust to set IAS to Vy and control yaw
- Collective - Reduce to avoid sideslip
- APPROACH AND LANDING:
Carry out an autorotative landing on a suitable area as landing procedure.
The helicopter will yaw to the left with a rotational speed depending on the amount of power and the forward speed set at the time of the failure.
IF NF READING IS ABNORMAL, BUT NR IS IN THE GREEN ARC WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
Nr - check in green Tq >0%
CONTINUE FLIGHT
Nf can be read on VEMD, press select then scroll 4 times.
CONTINUOUS TONE
Collective - Reduce to maitain Nr in green OR power in limits
Flight Paramters - check
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Self explanatory.
INTERMEDIATE TONE
Collective - INCREASE to maintain Nr in green
Aplly applicable procedure according to situation
CONTINUE FLIGHT
Continue flight as planned. Repair at the destination according to the
maintenance manual.
BLEED VALVE FAILURE
- If the flag is not displayed when the engine is shut down, check the GOV SIGNAL fuse or breaker on 30 amp panel. DO NOT START ENGINE
- If the flag does not disappear at high power settings, maximum available engine power is reduced, specifically by cold weather.
- If the flag does not re-appear at low power settings, the engine may surge. AVOID ABRUPT POWER SETTINGS
- Bleed valve failures reults in GOV illumination.
- LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
EBCAU
(STANDS FOR)
Emergency Backup Control Ancillary Unit
FLAME-OUT IN CRUISE FLIGHT
AUTOROTATION PROCEDURE OVER LAND
1. Collective pitch ……………….. REDUCE to maintain NR in green arc.
- IAS ………………………………….. SET to Vy.
• If relighting impossible or after tail rotor control failure
- Twist grip ………………………….IDLE detent.
- Maneuver the aircraft into the wind on final approach.
• At height ≅ 70 ft (21 m)
- Cyclic………………………………..FLARE.
• At 20/25 ft (6/8 m) and at constant attitude
- Collective pitch…………………..GRADUALLY INCREASE to reduce the rate of descent and forward speed.
- Cyclic………………………………..FORWARD to adopt a slightly nose-up landing attitude (< 10°).
- Pedal …………………………………ADJUST to cancel any sideslip tendency.
- Collective pitch…………………..INCREASE to cushion touch-down.
• After touch-down
- Cyclic, collective, pedal ………ADJUST to control ground run.
• Once the aircraft has stopped
- Collective pitch…………………..FULL DOWN.
- Rotor brake ………………………..APPLY below 170 rotor rpm.
BOTH VEMD SCREENS FAILED
Reduce airspeed to 100 knots (-2 knots per 1000 Hp)
NO HOVER landing
Can be a single failure when battery and DC generator are in “OFF” position (fire and smoke detection procedure).
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Emergency conditions are less urgent and in the pilot’s judgement, he may
proceed to the nearest airfield where he can expect appropriate assistance.
IN FLIGHT
AVOID PROLONGED HOVERING
CONTINUE FLIGHT
FADEC SYSTEM FAILURES 3 LEVELS
LEVEL 1 - FLASHING YELLOW GOV LIGHT
Flashing at idle or during starting or shut down: Governor redundancy failure, no impact on governing function.
. Start-up procedure: abort, report to Maintenance Manual
. Autorotation training: cancel training, return to base.
LEVEL 2 - SOLID YELLOW GOV LIGHT
Permanently lighted :
Governing function degraded.
1. Collective - AVOID abrupt power changes.
2. IAS - MAINTAIN below VNE power off
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
On ground : do not start the engine.
LEVEL 3 - RED GOV LIGHT (Total FADEC failure, metering valve frozen. EBCAU has taken over
IN FLIGHT:
1. Flight parameters - CHECK
Emergency mode automatically self-engages. GOV (yellow) illuminates.
- Collective pitch…………….. AVOID abrupt changes
Maintain Ng > 80% Hp < 20000 ft
Maintain Ng > 85% Hp ≥ 20000 ft
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Approach and Landing : Make a powered approach. Avoid steep angle.
After touch down, shut-down :
Collective pitch - SLOWLY down to low pitch
Starting selector - OFF
NOTE
This failure can also results in loss of ΔNg and torque parameters on the VEMD.
• DURING ENGINE STARTING :
Starting selector - OFF position immediately
VEMD CAUTION MESSAGE
CONTINUE FLIGHT unless EP
[SCROLL] - DEPRESS to reach the relevant page and check the parameter.
Parameters Consistancy - Check
Yes = [RESET] only once
No = Follow (LAND as soon as PRACTICABLE) EP for that parameter
Ng/♦Ng INDICATOR FAILURE
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
As with all of these failures…
Respect maximum Tq values
Keep T4 below 810c
IN FLIGHT
- U BUS - CHECK
- GENE BUTTON ON - TURN ON
IF GEN BUTTON is ON - PRESS RESET
IF LIGHT GOES OUT
CONTINUE FLIGHT
IF LIGHT STAYS ON
UNNECESSART EQUIP. - OFF
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICAL
(If the battery fails, the VEMD will go out and only the analog NR gauge will remain)
Maximum flight time on battery: DAY - 50 min (1 VHF 1 VOR)
NIGHT - 20 min (above + instrument lights and external lights)
TAIL ROTOR CONTROL FAILURE IN HOVER OGE
LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Simultaneously
- Collective - Reduce (depending on available height)
- Cyclic - Forward to gain speed
- Set Vy 70 KIAS and control yaw
If a go around has been perfomed, carry out an autorotative landing on a suitable area.
The helicopter will yaw to the left with a rotational speed depending on the amount of power and the forward speed set at the time of the failure.
DESCRIBE DIFFERENT AUDIO WARNINGS FOR THE EC130B4
GONG - When a RED warning appears on the CWP
(310 Hz)
CONTINUOUS TONE - Below 360 RPM NR
INTERMITTENT TONE - Above 410 RPM NR
(285 Hz)
CONTINUOUS TONE
When MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF LIMITATIONS ECXEEDED
After 1.5 second delay if power remains within transient
Immediately when transient exceeded/or will be exceeded during fast power increase
Cranking Procedure
The cranking procedure can be performed after an aborted start or for
check or maintenance purposes.
Proceed as follows:
- Start selector - OFF.
- Emergency fuel shut-off lever - FORWARD.
- Ng - CHECK ≤ 10 %.
- [FUEL P] - ON.
- [CRANK] - PRESSED 20 sec. max.
- [CRANK] - OFF.
- [FUEL P] - OFF.
CAUTION
Do not crank the engine with the emergency fuel shutoff valve closed or
with the fuel pump off as this could damage the engine high pressure fuel
pump.
All the Land Immediately(s)
- TR failure IGE
- Oil Press confirmed
- Eng Fire
- FUEL FILT w/ osc
All the Land ASA Possible(s)
- TR Failure OGE
- TR Failure Cruise
- Oil Temp confirmed
- ENG CHIP
- MGB P
- MGB TEMP confirmed
- MGB CHIP
- FUEL
- FUEL P
- FUEL FILT confirmed
- Smoke (does not clear)
All the Land ASA Practicable(s)
- Both VEMDs
- NR failure
- any ENG Paramater failure
- either GOV
- any SERVO
- BATT (amber)
- GENE confirmed
- DOOR
- Bleed valve
- Smoke (clears)
All the Continue Flight(s)
Regardless of severity
- VEMD Msgs
- Nf failure
- TWT GRIP
- TGB CHIP
- PITOT
- HORN
- LIMIT
