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ec review Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

how much of our time is spent outdoors?

A

87%

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2
Q

what percent of US greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to the built environment?

A

34%

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3
Q

what percent of building energy consumption is due to HVAC systems?

A

40%

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4
Q

particle theory of light

A

we think light is a particle moving in space that stops when blocked by something

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5
Q

thomas young double slit light experiment (1807)

A

discovers light is not a particle, but some sort of wave

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6
Q

speed of light

A

E = mc^2 (einstein)
E = mc^2 = hf (plank’s constant)

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7
Q

visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum

A

400 to 700 nm

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8
Q

heat and light color emission

A

darker red is cooler, brighter pale yellow is hottest

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9
Q

psychometric chart axis

A

x: temperature
y: humidity
diagonal: energy
curved lines: relative humidity and dewpoint

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10
Q

dewpoint

A

point where condensation forms

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11
Q

glare

A

to shine with a bright harsh light

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12
Q

direct light

A

light coming from one source, casts sharp shadows, casts bright beams of light

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13
Q

diffuse light

A

casts less shadows than direct light, shadows are muddled, not good for sculptures

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14
Q

hue heat hypothesis

A

colors as warm of cool tones (warm is red, cool is blue)
matches natures colors (fire is red, water is blue)

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15
Q

circadian rythym

A

brain is programmed to wake up and go to sleep based on how we experience daylight
blue light wakes you up, oranges and reds put you to sleep

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16
Q

seasonal affect disorder

A

during winter people become depressed due to longer days and a disruption of their circadian rhythm

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17
Q

nearsightedness

A

linked to bright lights, little exposure to sunlight, working on stuff to close to your face

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18
Q

bad views

A

short visual range, nothing green in view, no view of the sky/weather

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19
Q

good view

A

long visual range, view of sky/weather, green in view

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20
Q

daylighting

A

controlled distribution of natural light, not just sunlight

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21
Q

recommendation for window to wall ratio

A

20-30%

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22
Q

electric grid is primarily fueled by

A

fossil fuels (about 71%)

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23
Q

side lighting

A

light coming from sides of building envelope as opposed to the roof

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24
Q

2.5H rule of thumb

A

2.5 feet high windows, assumes clear glazing, overcast skies, no major obstructions, total window width of about 1/2 perimeter wall

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25
daylight factor
how much light is in the space compared to how much light is outside DF = (Eindoors/Eoutdoors) * 100%
26
daylight factor percentages
<2%: gloomy 2-5%: good lighting >5%: room gets hot and bright
27
calculating sidelight aperatures
A = ((DFtarget)(Afloor))/F A: required area of aperture DF target: target daylight Afloor: illuminated floor area
28
basic window strategies
place high on wall, widely distributed, optimize overall area place windows on more than one wall if possible place windows adjacent to interior walls (creates less glare)
29
ceiling height
raising ceiling height makes the room brighter
30
skylight in front of north wall
more uniform lighting and less glare
31
light shelfs
most effective on south facade must be longer on east and west facade not effective on north facade
32
light louvre
like blinds, fins on window that bounce light and disperse it a little differently
33
splay window
setting a window deeper into structure to create depth, angle of wall opening to window, reduces contrast between windows and walls and increases daylight penetration, distribute light better and cause less glare than square openings
34
top lighting examples
clerestory, monitor, sawtooth, skylight
35
top lighting advantages
uniform illumination over great floor areas, receive more light
36
top lighting disadvantages
intensity of light is greater in summer than winter, difficult to shade
37
high performance glass production process
float glass manufacturers, glass fabricators, window/curtain wall manufacturers, installers (glazing contractors)
38
soda-lime glass components
silica sand, soda ash, limestone, dolomite, other material, recycled glass
39
why is recycled glass used to make glass?
it helps melt the ingredients faster and uses less energy
40
SHGC
solar heat gain coefficient
41
VLT
visible light transmittance
42
U factor / U value
how much heat gets through the system (nothing to do with light) 1/Ufactor = R value
43
NFRC tags
comes on every window, shows U factor, vlt, condensation resistance, shgc, and air leakage
44
conduction
flow of heat through a material by direct molecular conduct (direct contact)
45
high R value
is better, less heat will transfer through and heat transfers through at a slower rate
46
low U value
is better
47
can you see visible light with a heat gun?
no bozo
48
convection
transfer of heat by movement of molecules (liquid or gas)
49
trombe wall
concrete wall with openings at bottom for cold air, glass wall in front heats up the concrete wall and pushes air around
50
radiation
transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves through a gas or vacuum
51
emissivity
ability of radiant heat to leave the surface of an object (most between 0.9 and 0.98)
52
how to slow heat transfer
use more layers of material
53
R + A + T = 100%
reflected, absorbed, transmitted
54
laminated glass
has interlayer between that increases strength and keeps broken glass in one sheet
55
low-e coating
glass coating that lowers light transmittance and lowers heat entering building (like thermos) really thin & fragile, typically placed between glass panes to protect it
56
surface treatments
sand blasting, acid etching, pattern glass, coating, mirroring, ceramic frit
57
fritted glass
patterns in glass, brings in light and obscures view (beware of creating moire patterns)
58
would low SHGC be better in Texas or Alaska?
Texas
59
spectrally selective glazing
reflects heat, transmits visible light
60
glass performance data
glass manufacturers stated values are center of glass (c-o-g values), not the same as system values
61
electrochromic glass
glass change tint or opacity due to electric current
62
does blue light or red light have more energy?
blue
63
CCT
correlated color temperature cooler CCT has higher temperature (blue is hotter)
64
CRI value
color rendering index (0 to 100) higher number = better color, incandescent is nearly perfect for getting the most colors anything 80+ is good for showing colors in the space
65
incandescence
emission of visible light by a body caused by its high temeprature
66
flourescence
emission of radiation, especially of visible light, by a substance during exposure to external radiation, as light or x-rays
67
solid-state
electronic devices, as trnasmitors or crystals, that can control current without the use of moving parts, heated filaments, or vacuum gaps
68
bulb
the glass itself
69
lamp
the whole light bulb that you change out when you replace a light
70
housing
the place where you screw a light bulb (lamp) into
71
luminaire
the whole unit including the bulb, lamp, and housing
72
efficacy
lumens per watt, how efficient something is
73
photometry
study of light distribution curves
74
luminous flux
time rate of flow of light "the supply of light"
75
luminous flux unit of measurment
lumen
76
luminous intensity unit of measurement
candelas
77
luminous intensity
amount of luminous flux in a given direction
78
housing types
exposed lamp, recessed, semi-recessed, surface mounted, pendant mounted, track mounted, wall-washer, sconce
79
candlepower (intensity) distribution curve
a curve, generally polar, representing the variation of luminous intensity of a lamp or luminaire through the light center
80
footcandles
lux/10.76391 measure of light from 1 candle hitting a 1sqft surface 1 foot away = footcandle measure of light from 1 candle hitting 1 sqmeter surface 1 meter away = lux
81
candela
total volume of light coming out of the cone shape
82
ambient light
reflects off surfaces, makes whole space glow, less contrast with more ambient light, used a lot in museums (except on sculptures), flat even light
83
focal glow
spotlights things, good way to use less light to see more
84
sparkle
makes space feel alive, adds to the highlights that contribute to feelings of well being
85
brightness contrast
ratio of ambient light to focal glow
86
perception
our eyes cannot take in all light at once, so they dim the lows and we adjust to see the brightest things
87
electric lighting control strategies
zone programming by light requirements, zone fixtures by orientation and proximity to aperatures, dimming, occupancy sensors, time clock, individual controls
88
energy efficiency
insulation, low-e windows, appropriate shading devices, lighting controls, daylighting, high efficiency HVAC, heat recovery
89
shifting load
high mass building components, thermal ice storage, operate appliances during off-peak times, giving utility control over AC, building energy management system
90
on-site energy production
PVs to generate energy when load is greatest
91
paying for electricity
w = watt : unit of power kW = 1000 watts (power demand) h = hour kWh = energy use cost = kWh x $/kWh
92
goniometer
helps measure light
93
mariettas wall
tool that measures candle power curves

ec review (2 decks)

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