EC Flashcards
Refers to the process of exchanging
information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings
between individuals or groups through
various means such as speech, writing,
gestures, or other forms of expression
Communication
Types of Communication
Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Written Communication
Visual Communication
Involves the use of spoken or written words
to convey a message. It is the most direct
and explicit form of communication.
Examples:
*Face-to-face conversations, telephone calls,
video calls, presentations, speeches,
interviews.
Verbal Communication
Involves the transmission of messages
without the use of words. It includes body
language, facial expressions, gestures,
posture, and other nonverbal cues.
Examples:
Eye contact, hand movements, facial
expressions, body language, tone of
voice, gestures.
Nonverbal Communication
Involves the use of written words to convey
information. It is a formal and structured
form of communication that allows for
documentation and reference.
Examples:
* Emails, letters, reports, memos, essays,
articles, text messages.
Written Communication
Involves the use of visual elements, such as
images, charts, graphs, or videos, to convey
information. It enhances understanding by
presenting information in a visual format.
Examples:
Infographics, charts, graphs, presentations,
videos, diagrams, symbols
Visual Communication
Types of Non-Verbal Communication
Paralanguage
Oculesics
Kinesics
Appearance / Artifacts
Proxemics
Olfactics
Chronemics
Include attributes of the
voice that accompany the
words we say:
vocal quality
pitch
tempo
volume
juncture.
Paralanguage
- Involves the study of eye
behavior, including eye
contact, gaze, and pupil
dilation. - eye movements and
expressions can convey
emotions, interest, or
attentiveness
Oculesics
Commonly knows as language of body
- Is the study of body
movements as a form of
communication. - it includes facial expressions,
posture, and gestures.
Kinesics
Commonly knows as language of looks and objects
- refer to the way a person presents themselves, including clothing, accessories, grooming, and other personal belongings.
- these aspects contribute to the overall impression and can convey information about identity, status, or culture.
Appearance / Artifacts
Commonly knows as language of space
- study of how people use and perceive personal space.
- it includes the concepts of intimate space, personal space, social space, and public space, influencing communication and
relationships
Proxemics
Commonly knows as language of touch
- study of touch as a form of communication.
- touch can convey emotions, warmth, empathy, or various
social messages depending on
the context and cultural
norms
Haptics
Commonly knows as language of smell
- pertains to the sense of smell and its role in communication.
- scents and odors can evoke emotions, trigger memories, or convey information about the
environment
Olfactics
Commonly knows as language of time
- deals with the use of time in communication.
- it includes considerations such
as punctuality, the speed of speech, and the organization of time in different cultures
Chronemics
- it is a well-thought-out study because we
depend heavily on it for communication
with others. The development of human
civilization owes, to a great extent, to
man’s ability to share experiences,
exchange ideas, and transmit knowledge
from one generation to another (Diaz,
2014
Speech
Seven Language Characteristic Features (Diaz, 2014)
- Language is systematic. This means that
language is a highly organized system of sounds,
words, and sentences; each unit plays an
important part. - Language is arbitrary. This means the
relationship between its meaning and the
symbols employed is a matter of convention. - Language is rule-governed. This means that
language has rules or patterns that occur
frequently. - Language has a dual structure. This means that
language is a system of two subsystems: sound
and meaning. - Language is generative. This refers to the
speaker’s ability to understand and produce many
utterances in the native tongue by relativization. - Language is socially learned behavior. This
means that language is culturally transmitted. - Language is an interactive social tool. This
means that language is a shared code that enables
users to transmit feelings, ideas, and desires to
one another
According to Dr. Albert mehrabians 8-38-55% rule
7% spoken words
38% voice, tone
55% body language
Relationship of Communication, Speech, and Language
Communication
* is the broad term for the two-way dynamic
process of message transmission. It embraces
both the verbal and the non-verbal aspects. The
verbal includes the modes of reading, writing,
speaking, and listening, while the non-verbal
comprises the extralinguistic elements such as
paralinguistics, metalinguistics, and
nonlinguistic
Speech and Language
* are only a portion of the larger process
of communication. Language is the
medium or vehicle through which
messages are sent and received, while
speech is one of its modes. More
specifically, speech is the process of
shaping the sound of the voice and the
energy of the breath through the speech
organs into words
The nature of speech and its values are
personified in Christian Bulkner’s CREDO.
- Speech has no absolutes.
- The act of speech is a total process.
- Every person has the potential to speak
superbly at some time. - There is no substitute for content in the
speaking process. - The gift of speech is the most miraculous of all
human functions. - All civilized living would suddenly vanish if
speech were to stop. - Every person should develop a concern for
truthful and responsible speech. - Being articulate is essential to inner harmony,
emotional maturity, and mental balance. - Speech is essential to the growth of the human
personality and provides a way for self-discovery
and self-renewal.
Importance of the English Language
English is a global language.
English is the official language.
English has become the de facto standard
English is the language of the media industry.
English is an acknowledged passport to better
education.
Chances of getting a good job
The English language is all around you
Opportunities to use the English language in
business or communication establishments.
The English language is our window to the
world.
English can help you converse with people from
all over the world.
English can help you converse with people from
all over the world.
Characteristics of Effective Communication
Clear
* The primary character of any spoken or written
transmission of information should be to state the message clearly
Concise
* Time is an essential parameter in
communications. The normal attention span is
just a few minutes long. Lengthy communication is boring and avoided by most.
Concrete
* Whatever message, information, or data in
your communique should be wee-footed. Your
arguments should have data that suitably backs
them up. A tangible argument is always easy to
understand
Coherent
* The key to a coherent write-up is a wellplanned, logical, and sequential presentation.
The main ideas should be differentiable and
follow each other in a way derivative of some
rules
Courteous
* Business communication has some degree of
formal flavor. The presenter should try his
best to be honest, respectful, considerate,
open, and polite to the information receiver.
The message will definitely find an audience
when supplemented with proper care and kindness
Good listener
* A good listener will have some qualities. He
would be emotionally intelligent, mature,
objective, and practical. His understanding of
the message should not be influenced by his
judgment of the topic or the presenter. A
good listener should be able to filter through
all of these limitations and reach the message
the presenter is relaying before them.
