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ACSA - AraBob > EBS > Flashcards

EBS Flashcards

1
Q

of test questions related to EBS

A

4-5

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2
Q

EBS

A

Elastic Block Store

- storage volumes you can attach to your EC2 instances

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3
Q

What are ways you can use EBS?

A

Use them the same way you would use any system disk

  • to create a file system
  • run a database
  • run an operating system
  • to store data
  • install applications
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4
Q

Can EBS be used for mission critical data?

A

Yes, it is highly available = automatically replicated within a single AZ to protect against hardware failures

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5
Q

How much downtime is required to increase capacity or change volume type?

A

No downtime required - it is scalable.

- You can make changes without downtime or performance impact

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6
Q

IOPS

A

Input/Output per second

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7
Q

GP2

A

General Purpose Solid State (SSD)

  • a balance of price and performance
  • 99.9% durability
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8
Q

GP3

A

General Purpose SSD
- predictable
- can scale up for an additional fee
(don’t need to know the IOPS or MiB/s for the exam)

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9
Q

What is GP2 good for?

A
  • Good for boot volumes or development & test applications that are not latency sensitive
  • 99.9% durability
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10
Q

What is GP3 good for?

A
  • applications that require high performance at low cost

- mySQL, Cassandra, virtual desktops, Hadoop analytics

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11
Q

How much faster is the top performance of GP3 over GP2?

A

GP3 is 4x faster than the max throughput of GP2 volumes

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12
Q

io1

A

Provisioned IOPS SSD - (PIOPS)

  • the most expensive
  • high performance options
  • 99.9% durability
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13
Q

What is io1 (PIOPS) good for?

A
  • if you need more than 16,000 IOPS
  • I/O-intensive applications
  • large databases
  • latency-sensitive workloads/transactions
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14
Q

io2

A

Provisioned IOPS SSD

  • latest generation
  • higher durability - 99.999%
  • same price as io1
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15
Q

What is io2 (PIOPS) good for?

A
  • I/O-intensive apps
  • large databases
  • latency-sensitive workloads
  • applications that need high durability
  • transactions
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16
Q

st1

A

ST1 - Throughput Optimized Hard Disk Drive

  • low cost HDD volume
  • maximum throughput of 500 MB/s per volume
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17
Q

What is st1 good for?

A
  • frequently accessed, throughput-intensive workloads
  • big data, data warehouse, ETLS and log processing
  • cost effective way to store mountains of data
18
Q

Which types of EBS cannot be boot volumes?

A

st1 and sc1

19
Q

sc1

A

sc1 - Cold Hard Disk Drive

  • lowest cost option
  • poor performance
20
Q

What is sc1 good for?

A
  • for cold data requiring fewer scans per day

- for applications where lowest cost is needed when performance is not a factor

21
Q

IOPS basics

A

IOPS:

  • measures # of reads & writes per second
  • important metric for quick transactions, low-latency apps, and transactional workloads
  • the ability to action reads/writes very quickly
22
Q

Throughput basics

A

Throughput:

  • measures # of bits read or written per second
  • important metric for: Large datasets, large I/O sizes, complex queries
  • the ability to deal with large datasets
23
Q

EBS volume

A

a virtual hard disk

- need a minimum of 1 volume per EC2 instance for the OS “root device volume”

24
Q

EBS Snapshot

A

an S3 snapshot is a point-in-time copy/backup of the volume

  • snapshots are incremental, only the changed pieces are moved to S3 (like gitlab)
  • saves space and time because only the changes get moved over
  • first snapshot will take the longest to establish the baseline
25
Q

Snapshot consistency

A

stop the instance and detach the volume before doing a snapshot, this will allow any cached data to be saved

26
Q

if you take a snapshot of an encrypted EBS volume, will it be automatically encrypted?

A

yes

27
Q

Sharing Snapshots**

A
  • you can share within the region where it was created
  • to share with other regions, you will need to copy them to the new destination region and then create an image once it is in the new region.
28
Q

Are volumes always in the same AZ as your EC2 instance?**

A

Yes

29
Q

What must you do when you resize the EBS volume on the fly?

A

must extend the filesystem in the OS so the OS can see the resized volume

30
Q

EBS Encryption

A
  • uses a data key w/ industry standard AES-256 algorithm

- uses KMS & Customer-Managed Keys (CMKs)

31
Q

What do you get with an encrypted volume?*

A

End-to-End Encryption

  • data at rest is encrypted
  • data in flight moving between instance and volume is encrypted
  • all snapshots are encrypted
  • all volumes created from the snapshot are encrypted
32
Q

Steps to encrypt an unencrypted volume**

A

1) create a snapshot of the root device volume
2) create a copy of the snapshot and chose the encrypt option**
3) Create an AMI from the encrypted snapshot
4) Use the AMI to launch new encrypted instances

33
Q

EC2 Hibernation

A

when an EC2 instance is terminated, by default the root device volume is terminated

Hibernation saves RAM to Root volume. When you wake it up everything is restored.

34
Q

What does EC2 hibernation do?*

A
  • saves contents of instance memory (RAM) to your EBS root volume
  • persists the root volume and any attached EBS data volumes
35
Q

What happens when you wake EC2 up from hibernation?

A
  • EBS root volume is restored to its previous state
  • RAM contents are reloaded
  • processes that were previously running on the instance are resumed
  • previous attached data volumes are reattached
  • instance retains its Instance ID
36
Q

Why does an instance boot faster from hibernation?

A

The OS does not need to reboot b/c the RAM is preserved

37
Q

What is hibernation useful for?*

A
  • long-running processes

- services that take a long time to initialize

38
Q

What is a restriction for hibernation

A

RAM must be less than 150 GB.

39
Q

What is max hibernation period?

A

60 days

40
Q

Which instance families can hibernate?

A

C3, C4, C5
M3, M4, M5
R3, R4, R5

ACSA - AraBob (22 decks)

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