EBP Flashcards
inductive reasoning
starts with a specific premise and moves to the general.
IN-duction: i have specific data out there and i bring it IN to to make the generalization
deductive reasoning
starts with a general premise and moves to a specific deduction
I have a big picture and from there logically figure out what is true as far as specifics
what research method uses data reported in numbers, or categories?
quantitative
what are some examples of quantitative data?
kg, cm, Fº or Cº, race, gender
what research method uses closed-ended questions?
quantitative
what are examples of closed-ended questions used in research?
rating scales, standardized tests, checklists and biophysical tests
what is the main purpose of quantitative research?
to gather enough data from subjects using sound sampling methods to be able to generalize results to a similar population
what is the definition of qualitative research?
not to generalize data but to share specific experiences of those involved in the study.
what is the purpose of qualitative research?
to gain understanding of a phenomenon or concept, or explain behavior perceptions or ideas
what types of methods of gathering data are used in qualitative research?
interviews, focus groups, journals, observations and discussions by audio, video and internet
open-ended questions are used in what type of research?
qualitative
true or false: a hypothesis is used in both quantitative and qualitative research
false. is is not used in qualitative research
qualitative research uses ________ data
subjective
quantitative research uses ___________ data
objective
what are the 2 primary purposes of IRBs?
- protect the research participants from harm
- ensure that the research is of value
who oversees the ethical standards established by the United states department of health and human services (USDHHS)
IRBs (institutional review boards)
who is on the IRBs?
healthcare professionals and people from the community who are willing to review and critique research proposals
where will you find IRBs?
any federally funded hospital, university, or other federally funded healthcare facility
what does the P in PICOT stand for?
patient population or problem
what does the I in PICOT stand for?
intervention, treatment, cause or contributing factor
what does the C in PICOT stand for?
comparison intervention
what does the O in PICOT stand for?
outcome
what does the T in PICOT stand for?
time
this sample question is an example of what part of PICOT?
“would a hydrocolloid dressing help with skin integrity?”
I; intervention, treatment, cause contributing factor (what might help the situation?)
“As compared with applying gauze dressing after incontinent episodes” is an example of what part of PICOT?
c; comparison intervention
“after incontinent episodes” would fit into which part of PICOT?
T; time (how often measured, how long is treatment?)
what part of PICOT is “for patients with impaired skin integrity (sacrum perineum) related to urinary incontinence”?
P; patient population or problem
what part of PICOT is “to prevent or reduce sacral excoriation? are there any undesired effects associated with the intervention?”?
O; outcome (what do you hope to achieve?)
How many steps are in EBP?
6
what is involved in the first step of EBP?
ask a clinical question using PICOT (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, time)
what is the second step of EBP?
search for the best evidence on the clinical question
what is important to always do when searching for the best evidence?
evaluate all data sources for credibility and reliability
what is the third step in the EBP?
critically appraise and synthesize the evidence
what are the three essential questions to focus on in the critical appraisal of evidence?
- what are the results?
- are the results reliable and valid?
- will the results help me in caring for my patients?
(decide the strength of the evidence)
what is the 4th step in EBP?
implement the evidence in practice
what is step 6 of EBP?
sharing the results of EBP change so others can benefit from the knowledge
what is step 5 in EBP?
evaluating the outcome of the practice change to determine if the change has improved patient outcome
why is it vital for nurses to base nursing care on sound, scientific evidence rather than strictly anecdotal or historical practice?
because healthcare changes rapidly
what may be involved in step 4 of EBP? what kinds of changes may be inplemented?
developmental practice guidelines,
policies,
procedures
or new assessment, teaching or
documentation tools
what are the 7 steps of the research process (PP notes)?
- select and define the problem
- search for info on topic
- hypothesis, question
- research design
- collect data
- analyze data
- report research findings
what are the 4 rights of research participants?
right not to be harmed
right to full disclosure
right to self-determination
right to privacy
what part of PICOT is sometimes not used?
T time
what are 5 barriers to research?
-lack of knowledge of research
-lack of support
-negative attitudes
-study finding not ready for clinical environment
-inadequate forum for disseminating research
define nursing research
a systemic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance in nursing. encompasses clinical, teaching and administration
a patient has pitting pedal edema, crackles and an elevated blood pressure. the nurse concludes that the patient has fluid volume excess. which type of reasoning did the nurse use?
inductive
