EBP

Question 1

Define clinical expertise

Answer 1

A combination of clinical skills, medical knowledge, and professional experience that is accumulated by practitioners over the course of their career

Question 2

What three types of information guide decisions about patience care

Answer 2

1.Best research evidence.
2.Clinical expertise.
3. Patient values and circumstances.

Question 3

Define best research evidence

Answer 3

Is evidence that is up-to-date and authoritative scientific research into various aspects of patient care diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Question 4

Define patient, values and circumstances

Answer 4

Patient values in circumstances relate to the unique preferences, concerns, expectations, beliefs, hopes, strength, limitations, and stresses that each patient brings to a clinical encounter.

Question 5

What is the importance of clinical expertise?

Answer 5

Clinical expertise is important because research evidence on its own is not enough to inform practice. It needs to be contextualise to local environments and specific patients.

Question 6

What is the importance of best research evidence?

Answer 6

Actively searching for research evidence is it is important because gaps between research and clinical practice can lead to save suboptimal quality of care. These gaps maybe due to variations in practices between different geographical location, or due to the rapid advances in medical knowledge.

Question 7

What is the importance of patient, values and circumstances

Answer 7

Considering the individual patient values and circumstances is important because the ideal treatment may not always be appropriate, and you may need to find an alternative course of action. For example patients may not consent to a particular treatment due to religious or cultural reasons or may have a medical condition which prevents them from undertaking certain treatments.

Question 8

What are the five key steps in evidence based practice process?

Answer 8

1.Ask
2. Acquire.
3. Appraise.
4.apply.
5.assess

Question 9

What is required in step 1, ask ?

Answer 9

Convert your problem into a structured and answerable clinical question

Question 10

What is step 2 acquire?

Answer 10

Locate the best research evidence to answer your question

Question 11

Step 3 appraise?

Answer 11

Critically appraise the evidence for it’s validity and applicability to your patient

Question 12

Step 4 apply?

Answer 12

Apply the evidence to your case, using your clinical expertise and consider the patients circumstances determines the course of action

Question 13

Step 5 assess?

Answer 13

Reflect on the process and assess effectiveness and efficiency, looking for ways to improve and optimise your clinical practice

Question 14

What is primary research?

Answer 14

Original research carried out in a clinical or lavatory setting examples include observational studies, and randomise control trials

Question 15

What is Secondary research?

Answer 15

The analysis of primary research often to pull data or review the body of evidence on specific conditions. Examples include systematic reviews and guidelines.

Question 16

The hierarchy of evidence pyramid

Answer 16

1.systematic review.
2.RCT.
3.cohort studies.
4.case control.
5.case report.
6.expert opinion.

Question 17

What is systematic review?

Answer 17

High quality pieces of evidence, that identify all relevant evidence and assessed quality of each study found before synthesising the results and presenting a summary of the findings

Question 18

What are Randomise control trial (RCT)

Answer 18

These include methodologies that reduce the risk of bias, so I placed above other types of primary research

Question 19

What are cohort studies?

Answer 19

Cohort studies are observational studies that follow a defined group for people over a specific period of time, the outcomes of people in subset of this cohort, I can paired to examine people who were exposed or not exposed to a particular intervention or other factor of interest

Question 20

What are case-control studies?

Answer 20

Case-control studies are retrospective, observational studies, they help to identify if an outcome or disease is associated with a particular risk factor. Two groups have studied one group with the outcome or disease and the other group without the outcome disease (control group). Significant differences in rates of exposure can suggest association between the risk factor and the disease.

Question 21

What are case reports in case series?

Answer 21

A case study provides evidence from just one individual with no comparison to other groups. This type of study has little statistical availability and is low down in the pyramid.

Question 22

What is expert opinion?

Answer 22

Expert opinion can be useful information, but also subject Tobias often not backed by research studies. Sometimes this is the only evidence available on a topic though.

Question 23

Guidelines

Answer 23

The use of evidence drawn from systematic reviews for the best available primary studies and are an integration of the best available evidence. Guidelines provide recommendations on treatment or care of a condition.