EBM - Basics of Epidemiology Flashcards
Bradford Hill criteria of causation
Strength
Consistency
Specificity
Temporality
Biological gradient
Plausibility
Coherence
Experiment
Analogy
Epidemic
Disease occurrence in excess of what is expected for a given time and place
Pandemic
Disease that spreads across regions
Endemic
Disease present among a population at all times
Outbreak
Sudden rise in the number of disease cases for a given area, often leading to an epidemic
Cluster
Group of higher than expected cases in a highly specific area or time
Rate
Number of cases occurring during a specific time period
Outcomes
Discrete - disease occurrence/severity
Continuous - numerical data
Incidence
Occurrence of NEW cases within a certain timeframe
Incidence rate
Number of new cases within a given timeframe / Total “person time at risk”
Incidence risk
Number of new cases / Number of disease-free people at the beginning of the timeframe
Prevalence
The amount of disease at one specific time period
Number of people with disease / Total population
Point prevalence
Proportion of people with disease at a particular timepoint
Number of cases at one time / Total population at that time
Period prevalence
Proportion of people with disease over a given timeframe
