EBM and Clinical Research

Question 1

describe how to use “internal validity”

Answer 1

determine if the study represents the truth. could results be due to chance, bias, or confounding?

Question 2

define validity

Answer 2

ACCURACY or absence of systematic error/bias

Question 3

define reliability

Answer 3

PRESCISION, consistency, or absence of random error

Question 4

which types of study fall under the experimental category?

Answer 4

RCTs, crossover studies, and quasi-experiments

Question 5

which types of study fall under the observational category?

Answer 5

case series, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort

Question 6

case series and cross-sectional studies are more defined as what type of study?

Answer 6

descriptive studies

Question 7

case-control and cohort studies are more defined as what type of study?

Answer 7

analytical studies

Question 8

RCTs are useful for determining?

Answer 8

safety and efficacy and demonstrating causality

Question 9

observational studies are useful for determining?

Answer 9

real world effectivenes and finding rare adverse effects

Question 10

what are the control types in comparative clinical studies?

Answer 10

-Concurrent control
-Self-Control
-Historical Control
-Active Controls
-Placebo Controls

Question 11

define nominal data

Answer 11

data that sorts out variables into categories