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Ebc > Ebc > Flashcards

Ebc Flashcards

1
Q

What are foreground questions?

A

Clinical- use science lit

PICO

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2
Q

Define PICO

A

Patient or problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

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3
Q

What’s clinical research?

A

Finding direct solutions to apply w patients

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4
Q

What is basic research?

A

Proves theory or explain science questions

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5
Q

A case study is?

A

A report of the presentation, treatment, and outcome of a patient or group of patients

  • typically something rAre
  • testing new drugs/ diseases
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6
Q

Survey

A

Correlation vs causation
Inexpensive
Gathers data about disease/ healthcare trends
Captures what ppl think and feel
Precursor for planning and designing a study

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7
Q

Non randomized/ observational studies

A 
Case control/cohort studies 
Observation of patients without control 
Outcomes are observed and related to other exposures
Reveiwing records
Retro or prospective
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8
Q

Case study

A

Retrospect design
Starts w patients who have disease
Matches w control ie. W/o disease
Ask both groups about exposure using surveys and file reviews

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9
Q

Case study are great for?

A

Rare conditions
Ethically difficult studies
Limited resources

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10
Q

Cohort study

A

Retro or prospective

Long term studies w big groups

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11
Q

Cohort studies are great when?

A

Good records are available/ kept
Exposure is rare but high in exposed ppl
Follow up is easy when cohort is stable
Retro is cheaper

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12
Q

Random control trial

A

Ppl are randomly allocated to receive or not receive an experimental diagnosis, therapy…..etc
Best to shake CAUSATION

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13
Q

What are the advantages of RTC?

A

Less chance of bias
Equalized placebo effect
Equal distribution of prognostic factors
EXSPENSIVE

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14
Q

Systematic review and meta

A

Summary of all clinical trials using rigorous selective articles

Meta- stats combines results of included trials and articles

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15
Q

What are the advantages of systematic reveiw and metA

A

A lot of studies in one paper
Combined stats have greater weight
Strict selection of articles

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16
Q

Weaknesses of systematic review and meta

A

Publication bias
Strict criteria
Only as strong as included studies

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17
Q

Slippery slope

A

A=Z
Linking 2 things together which may not be related or ever happen
Vote for Hillary ww3

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18
Q

Hasty generalization

A

Rushing to conclusions

Too little evidence

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19
Q

Post hoc propter hoc

A

A causes B

The sun rises when I brush my teeth = the sunrises because I brush my teeth

20
Q

Genetic fallacy

A

Person or idea deemed worthy based on impression or nature

Blacks like rap bad because black

21
Q

Begging question

A

Conclusion proven within claim

Vaccine are dangerous ban them all

22
Q

Circular argument

A

Restating argument

23
Q

Either or

A

Reducing to only 2 choices

Ban cars or die

24
Q

Ad hominem

A

Attacking a person instead of argument

25
Q

What are background questions?

A

About disorders, syndromes or condition

Look in text book

P1- question..what is
P2- the condition

26
Q

Ad populum

A

Emotional instead of issue

27
Q

Red herring

A

Diversion of key issues

28
Q

Straw man

A

Over simplifying opponents view

If you don’t support vaccines you hate all babies

29
Q

Moral equivalence

A

Minor misdeeds into major atrocities

30
Q

Critical appraisal

A

Balanced assessment of benefits/ flaws of study
Assesses research process and results
Quality and quantity

31
Q

P values

A

Probability the result is due to chance

P=.05 = 5% chance of Chance

32
Q

Confidence intervals

A

Range of most likely values that contain true results

Mean = best guess for truth

33
Q

Forest plots components

A

Square= study. Bigger more weight
Horizontal line= CI
Diamond= over all estimate from meta analysis and its CI
Center of diamond= pooled point estimate
Horizontal tips= CI

34
Q

Sensitivity

A

Probability of a positive test with ppl with the disease
PID
++ over bottom total

35
Q

Specificity

A

Negative in some one without the disease
NID
– over bottom total

36
Q

Ppv

A

Probability of a positive w someone who really has the disease
++ over total to right

37
Q

Nvp

A

Negative test w no disease

– over total to right

38
Q

PLR

A

+- over negative total
5x more likely in patients w than without

39
Q

NLR

A
    • over + total
    • over negative total
40
Q

Studies of harm

A

Studies that investigate long term exposures

Risk ratios odds ratios harm ratios

41
Q

Null hypothesis

A

No difference in groups

42
Q

Mann- Whitney test

A

Difference btw 2 UNPAIRED groups

Palmer vs life

43
Q

Wilcoton test

A

PAIRED groups

Students before students after

44
Q

A nova

A

Analysis of variances of 3 or more groups

45
Q

Kruskal wallis

A

3 or more UNMATCHED

46
Q

Friedman test

A

3 or more matched

Ebc (1 decks)

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