Eating Relationships Vocab

Question 1

What are Biotic Factors?

Answer 1

The living components of an ecosystem

Question 2

What are abiotic factors?

Answer 2

No-living chemical & physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms & the functioning of ecosystems,

Question 3

Consumer:

Answer 3

An organism that feeds on plants or other animals for energy.

Question 4

Producer:

Answer 4

An organism, either a green plant or bacterium, which is part of the first level of a food chain.

Question 5

Heterotroph:

Answer 5

An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 6

Autotroph:

Answer 6

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple, inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Decomposer:

Answer 7

A decomposer is an organism that breaks down long chain polymers from dead organisms into smaller molecules. Decomposers are bacteria and fungi.

Question 8

Detritivore:

Answer 8

An animal which feeds on dead organic material, especially plant detritus.

Question 9

How do organisms obtain food?

Answer 9

• cannot MAKE food from carbon dioxide and water

- animals must get their food from other organisms, such as plants or other animals.

Question 10

How is food organized into biomolecules?

Answer 10

• organic/natural occurring molecules are classified into 4 general categories
• carbs
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid
• Foods you consume consist of these 4 molecules!

Question 11

How does the energy from different molecules compare?

Answer 11

• physical properties of a substance depend on its physical STATE
• Water vapor, liquid water and, ice all have the same chemical properties
• their physical properties are very different.

Question 12

What are the MONOMER and POLYMERS named in each molecule?

Answer 12

• carbohydrates= Monosaccharides
• lipids=fatty acids
• proteins=Amino acids
• nucleic acids= nucleotides

Question 13

What are the equations for photosynthesis & cell respiration?

Answer 13

Photosynthesis:
(Carbon Dioxide) 6CO2 +(Water)+6H2O–> (Sunlight)C6H12O6(Glucose Energy)+6O2(Oxygen)
Chemical energy:
(Water)H2O+(Carbon Dioxide)CO2—>(Glucose)C6H12O6+(Oxygen)O2

Question 14

What are the 2 types of respiration & when are they used?

Answer 14

• Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
• Aerobic Respiration: Requires oxygen and occurs in ALL cells, especially those with mitochondria, which will require+release energy.
• Anaerobic Respiration: Does not require oxygen+still releases energy

Question 15

Names/Definitions for each trophic level:

Answer 15

-primary producers=such as plants Convert abiotic source of energy (light) into energy stored in organic compounds
-can be used by other organisms
Primary Consumers= An organism that feeds on primary producers
-Secondary consumers=A consumer in the second position on the food chain
-tertiary consumers= feeds on other carnivores; an animal that feeds only on secondary consumers
-quaternary consumers= a heterotroph, meaning that it meets its nutritional requirements from complex organisms

Question 16

What do arrows in a food web represent?

Answer 16

the flow of energy.

Question 17

What happens if an animal is taken OUT of a food web?

Answer 17

• You would see an effect on the tertiary consumers
• They would lose an organism that they feed
• can cause their numbers to decrease.

Question 18

Where does all the energy for a food web come from?

Answer 18

-the producers of the energy that comes from photosynthesis

Question 19

Definition of the Rule of 10:

Answer 19

• when energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ten percent of the energy will be passed on
• Percentage of Energy Passed on: 10%
• Lost Percentage: 90%

Question 20

Name 3 parts of the Population Growth Graph:

Answer 20

• Birth rate
• death rate
• migration

Question 21

Carrying Capacity:

Answer 21

• the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely
• given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment

Question 22

What factors influence population dynamics?

Answer 22

• Change
• Energy Flow
• nutrient cycling with particular reference to homeostatic controls

Question 23

Describe LIMITING Factors:

Answer 23

• a variable of a system

- if subject to a small change causes a non-negligible change in an output or other measure of the system.

Question 24

1. Explain the difference between an AUTOTROPH & a HETEROTROPH:

Answer 24

Heterotrophs: Organisms that are dependent on OTHER ORGANISMS for food.

AUTOTROPHS: Use inorganic materials, like carbon dioxide, water & sunlight to create their own

Question 25

2. Similarities between herbivores, omnivores & carnivores:

Answer 25

Similarities= All HETEROTROPHS. Differences= HERBIVORE: An animal that feeds on plants. OMNIVORE: An animal or person that eats a variety of food, both plant & animal origin. CARNIVORE: An animal that feeds on other animals.

Question 26

3. Compare & Contrast DETRITIVORES & DECOMPOSERS:

Answer 26

- The most commonly considered DECOMPOSERS, which are fungi, break down deceased organisms. - DETRITIVORES then scavenge upon the on the remains that decomposers leave. - THEY BOTH feed on the SAME DIET, and THEY BOTH might also be HETEROTROPHIC.

Question 27

4. If Ms. Stevenson says zebras and giraffes are the same specias, is she correct or incorrect?

Answer 27

She is not correct, BUT although they look similar there is a an animal that looks like it'd be a hybrid of the two of them, called the "OKANI".

Question 28

5. Using specific examples, explain the similarities/differences between a POPULATION & a COMMUNITY:

Answer 28

POPULATION: A group of a single species living in a certain area at a certain time. COMMUNITY: A combination of all the populations in an area. - A difference would be that Biotic or Abiotic factors also differ in each level of organization. - Without populations, we can't have communities, since communities are made up of all the populations in a single area - a habitat is providing a population with the same thing - specific to a population - For example: Air and Deer.

Question 29

6. Is a tropical rain forest an ecosystem or a habitat? Justify your answer.

Answer 29

=Rain forests=lush, warm, wet HABITATS | -trees in rain forests grow very tall because they have to compete with other plants for sunlight.

Question 30

7. If temperatures in an area remained colder than the usual average temperature, what would happen to the plants that live there?

Answer 30

The growth of the plants would be affected.

Question 31

8. Why does it take longer to digest starch than glucose?

Answer 31

- Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, which break down relatively quickly - Proteins are much more complex molecules - The process of dismantling these chemical bonds and; reducing the proteins to their component amino acids takes longer so protein foods take longer to digest

Question 32

9. Why are most organisms in ecosystems part of large food webs with many food chains, rather than only single food chains?

Answer 32

In food webs, different organisms eat each other, and a food web is made of many different food chains, which is what makes them so large.

Question 33

10. Explain what factors may limit a population's size. Give both the BIOTOC & ABIOTIC factors.

Answer 33

- In the natural world, limiting factors such as the availability of food, water shelter and; space can change animal and plant populations - Other limiting factors like competition for resources, predation and; disease can also impact populations. ABIOTIC: Sunlight, temperature, chemical environment. BIOTIC: Food, predators & disease.

Question 34

11. Describe the influence of predation on a prey's population using a specific example.

Answer 34

- Predators affect individual growth rates of surviving prey in 2 conflicting ways - First, predation acts to increase growth rate by thinning the density of prey populations, which releases survivors from competition - Ex: Grouse, hares and voles feed on vegetation, and the availability of their preferred foods will influence the population size of each.

Question 35

12. Explain why food chains are often not longer than 5 trophic levels in length.

Answer 35

Most food chains are quite short, and they rarely consist of more than 4 steps. This is because a lot of energy is lost at each step.

Question 36

Where does lost energy go?

Answer 36

-energy cannot be lost, but it can change form, based on the laws of conservation

Question 37

What is a controlled variable?

Answer 37

A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control". The control variable is not part of an experiment (not the independent or dependent variable), but it is important because it can have an effect on the results. It is not the same thing as a control group.

Question 38

What is a constant?

Answer 38

Experimental constants are values that do not change either during or between experiments.

Question 39

What is an independent variable?

Answer 39

The independent variable is the variable whose change isn’t affected by any other variable in the experiment. Either the scientist has to change the independent variable herself or it changes on its own; nothing else in the experiment affects or changes it. Two examples of common independent variables are age and time. There’s nothing you or anything else can do to speed up or slow down time or increase or decrease age. They’re independent of everything else.

Question 40

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 40

The dependent variable is what is being studied and measured in the experiment. It’s what changes as a result of the changes to the independent variable. An example of a dependent variable is how tall you are at different ages. The dependent variable (height) depends on the independent variable (age).