Eating Disorders Flashcards
which gender is most likely to develop an eating disorder?
females (ratio 9:1 females-males)
what other condition is sometimes found in patients with eating disorders?
Type 1 DM
what is the peak onset of eating disorders in women?
mid teens to mid twenties
what is the screening tool used to diagnose an eating disorder?
SCOFF questionnaire
what are the questions in the SCOFF questionnaire?
- make yourself Sick because uncomfortably full?
- worry you have lost Control over how much you eat?
- recently lost more than One stone in a 3mth period?
- believe you’re Fat when others say too thin?
- Food dominate your life?
what BMI constitutes anorexia?
lower than 17.5 or 15% lower than ideal body weight
name a few symptoms of anorexia nervosa
cold intolerance poor circulation constipation/bloating delayed puberty dry skin fainting/hypotension early satiety primary/secondary amoenorrhea weakness/fatigue short stature scalp hair loss/Lanugo hair osteopenia/osteoporosis
what scan is done as baseline when someone with anorexia nervosa comes in?
DEXA scan - measure bone density
what characterises bulimia nervosa?
episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour (purging or non-purging)
how often do binge eating/compensatory behaviour need to occur in order to diagnose bulimia nervosa?
2+ per week for 3 months
name some symptoms of bulimia nervosa
mouth sores pharyngeal trauma dental caries heartburn chest pain oesophageal rupture muscle cramps weakness bloody diarrhoea irregular periods fainting swollen parotid grands hypotension
why can bulimia nervosa be mistaken with mumps?
because they can get very swollen parotid glands
what is the difference between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
there is no compensatory behaviour in binge eating disorder
Name a few mechanisms of calorie avoidance used by people with an eating disorder
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Name a few mechanisms of calorie burning used by people with an eating disorder
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what is anorexia nervosa?
excessive weight loss +/- compensatory behaviour for any calorie intake
name some strategies employed by people with eating disorders to avoid calorie intake
diets
not touching certain foods
food spoiling
coming up with allergies and intolerances
having rules about always finishing to eat last
eating very slowly
using appetite suppressants
name some strategies employed by people with eating disorders to get rid of calories
vomiting overexercise/overactivity chewing food then spitting out cooling medication abuse
name a few psychological consequences of eating disorders
extreme overvaluation of low weight
depression/anxiety - harder to treat
loss of central coherence
inability to see bigger picture
narrowed focus of interest
inability to interpret emotions of others
ineffective coping mechanisms later in life
what is the main social consequence of eating disorders?
isolation
name a few physical consequences of eating disorders
heart problems
impaired immune system
low resilience and repair
impaired growth
name a few factors which may predispose someone to develop eating disorders
genetics depression/anxiety low self-esteem perfectionism obsessionality
name a few factors which could precipitate an eating disorder
puberty
dieting
stressful life events
increased exercise
name a few factors which could perpetuate an eating disorder
consequences of starvation syndrome
high expressed emotion (family, school staff)
obsessionality
body-checking
what are two consequences of starvation syndrome?
delayed gastric emptying - person may interpret fullness as being fat
narrowed focus of interest - food is all they think about
how can eating disorders be managed?
- refeeding
- CBT/Mantra/IPT
- antidepressants high dose (fluoxetine/sertraline)
- antipsychotics (olanzapine)
- family involvement
how long is the average recovery period from anorexia nervosa?
6-7 years
