Eating Disorders Flashcards

Question

Name 8 psychological risk factors for eating disorders

Answer 1

Using food to cope with negative emotions (difficulty coping with negative emotions) Personality traits, such as perfectionism & rigid dichotomous thinking style Individuals who diet, restrict food intake or have early digestive problems Body dissatisfaction Low self-esteem Perceived pressure to be thin Internalization of thin-ideal Victims of sexual abuse

Answer 2

Malnutrition Critical changes in body weight Effects on physiological and organ systems

Answer 3

Anemia & refeeding syndrome

Answer 4

Diabetes, Increased stress on joints/joint damage, increased likelihood of stroke, gallbladder disease

Answer 5

Depression Anxiety Disorders (OCD, GAD) Social Phobia Substance Use Disorders Body Dysmorphic Disorder Many of these illness transpire as a means to deal with and control negative affect and sensations

Answer 6

Rapid weight loss or frequent weight changes Loss or disturbance of menstruation in girls and women and decreased libido in men Fainting or dizziness Feeling tired and not sleeping well Lethargy and low energy Signs of damage due to vomiting including swelling around the cheeks or jaw, calluses on knuckles, damage to teeth and bad breath Feeling cold most of the time, even in warm weather Components of the female triad

Answer 7

Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight Feeling anxious and or irritable around meal times Feeling ‘out of control’ around food 'Black and white’ thinking (e.g. rigid thoughts about food being ‘good’ or ‘bad’) A distorted body image Using food as a source of comfort (e.g. eating as a way to deal with boredom, stress or depression) Using food as self-punishment (e.g. refusing to eat due to depression, stress or other emotional reasons)

Answer 8

What did you eat yesterday? Do you think you are thin? Are you satisfied with your eating habits? Do you ever eat in secret? Does your weight affect the way you feel about yourself?

Answer 9

``` PT OT Hospitalist physician Eating disorder specialist physician Dietitian for nutritional therapy Specially trained registered nurses and nursing assistants Psychiatrist Chaplain Clinical social worker ```

Answer 10

examine weight, rate of weight loss, medical stability and willingness to change

Answer 11

Inpatient Hospitalization Day Patient Hospitalization Outpatient treatment

Answer 12

There is no “cure” medication Often used are: Antidepressants & anxiety medications Appetite Suppressants

Answer 13

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Family Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Answer 14

MB-EAT: Mindfulness-based Eating Awareness Training MBCT: Mindfulness-based cognitive Therapy ACT: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Answer 15

Bed Mobility Abdominal strengthening Postural training Gait/Endurance training

Answer 16

FIM Walking Velocity Assessment POMA (Tinetti) TUG

Answer 17

Energy Deficiency No Menstrual Cycles Low Bone Mass (Osteoporosis)

Answer 18

Meeting energy needs Normal menstrual Cycle Strong Bones

Answer 19

Restricted dietary intake Prolonged periods of exercise Vegetarian Limitation of types of food

Answer 20

``` Low BMD Menstrual disturbances Late menarche Dietary insufficiency Genetic predisposition Biomechanical abnormalities Training errors Bone geometry ```

Answer 21

Low body weight and BMI*

Answer 22

Bradycardia Orthostatic Hypotension ``` Other findings Cold/discolored hands and feet Hypercarotenemia Lanugo hair Parotid gland enlargement ```

Answer 23

Aging physical appearance Aging leads to feelings of being devalued & loss of sense of control Loss of appetite due to medications

Answer 24

nutritional rehab Also benefit from medical, psychological and pharmacological treatments

Answer 25

Increases throughout childhood | More pronounced in pubertal years (85-90% of adult bone mass by 18)

Answer 26

Peak at 20 | Plateaus at 35

Answer 27

Decline occurs from 35 on with bone resorption exceeding bone formation

Answer 28

``` Genetic Body Composition Hormonal GH Sex hormones Mechanical Nutritional Lifestyle Smoking and alcohol Physical Activity ```

Answer 29

Necessary for the formation and maintenance of bone mass and strength May be important in reducing the risk of OP and fracture Period surrounding childhood and adolescent growth may represent a window of opportunity for exercise to maximize the achievement of PBM

Answer 30

Dynamic loading at high strain magnitudes and high strain rates with unusual strain distribute (Tennis, volleyball, squash, track and field, gymnastics, ballet) Sports without WB do not affect BMD

Answer 31

Depends on uptake and maintenance of exercise Continued exercise through adulthood is required to maintain effects from growing years Establish habits young

Answer 32

True While genetic factors play a key role in determining one's bone mass potential, other hormonal and lifestyle factors will determine whether this potential is reached

Answer 33

False | Maximizing bone mass in early years is important to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life

Answer 34

High impact weight bearing exercise during the adolescent years, as well as healthy eating patterns and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol will help maximize bone health

Answer 35

False Menstrual disturbances in female athletes contribute to bone loss and should be treated by addressing energy imbalances

Answer 36

PT’s play role in promoting bone health in young females through participation in school activity and education programs and in their practice

Answer 37

Intentional destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned

Answer 38

cutting, burning, biting, head banging, eye gouging, skin picking, or scratching, hair pulling

Answer 39

Major Self Mutilation Superficial or Moderate Self Harm Stereotypical Self Injurious Behaviors

Answer 40

Bloody acts with permanent damage | Amputation of limbs or other appendages

Answer 41

Causes pain but not permanent damage | Most common: Burning, cutting

Answer 42

Monotonous, predictable Prevalent in Autism and intellectual impairments Easily overwhelmed or under stimulated, controls stress

Answer 43

They feel numb or dissociated with themselves Reconnects them with their body Maladaptive coping strategy Testing out waters for a later suicide attempt

Answer 44

Behavioral therapy especially applied behavioral analysis for patients with mental deficits such as autism has been shown to be effective Psychotherapy, various behavioral therapies, support groups

Answer 45

For clients who cause severe self harm while in an altered mental state due to psychosis, antipsychotic drugs are prescribed and can prevent further self harm by stabilizing the underlying psychiatric disorder

Answer 46

2 new promising therapies: cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy Both of these provided by skilled psychotherapists with training

Answer 47

People who do this try and hide it. We need to be emotional, sensitive, and nonjudgmental when addressing the situation Self harm used to be labeled as a suicide attempt but now we know it is a coping mechanism or maybe a cry for help

Answer 48

True At least 90 percent of people who commit suicide have a treatable mental illness (depression and other mood disorders)

Answer 49

More than 30,000 Americans commit suicide; 4 times that number make an attempt 4th leading cause of death for people between 18 and 65 3rd leading cause for adolescents More than 50% of all suicides are caused by guns

Answer 50

Men Risk increases after the age of 55 Women Risk decreases after the age of 55

Answer 51

``` Men Use more violent means: Guns Hanging Men are 4 times more likely to complete ``` Women Use less violent means Pills Cutting

Answer 52

Caucasian males who live alone over the age of 65

Answer 53

More than half of all people that attempt or commit suicide have seen a healthcare provider in the previous month who has failed to recognize the signals This can happen because of the patients inability to communicate their emotional distress They go in for general problems like malaise or fatigue and it is really a mental problem

Answer 54

Active duty military rising rapidly High rates of TBI’s and mental disorders PTSD, depression, substance abuse coming home

Answer 55

Clients who verbalize feeling helpless, hopeless, and worthless or have excessive guilt are a concern Other cues: giving away beloved items, voicing a plan, becoming suddenly brighter in effect Many clients send out distress signals that do not get heard

Answer 56

All providers can intervene and save someone’s life Sensitive, nonjudgmental questioning and listening are essential to allow clients to feel safe to talk about feelings Let them know you care, are worried about them, and want to make sure they are safe is a good place to start

Answer 57

Ask if they have a suicide plan If answer yes, must determine if they plan to carry out and make immediate referral Don’t leave them alone until help arrives

Answer 58

Many think the individual suffering from self-destructive behaviors are to blame for their own illness and should “just get better”

Answer 59

Many sufferers have reported feeling too ashamed and afraid to seek help Resulting in avoidance of support and treatment of their illness, in fear it will be discovered

Answer 60

There are many faces to an eating disorder. Treatment for eating disorders requires an interdisciplinary approach. Prevention, recognition and treatment of the components of the triad are important considerations when working with female athletes. Suicide and self-harm are a rising problem and it is crucial we identify high risk behaviors and act accordingly. PTs will encounter patients who suffer from self-destructive behavior and should be prepared to initiate the recovery process.