eating disorders Flashcards
What are the DSM-V criteria for Anorexia nervosa?
- Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height
or
failure to make expected weight gain during period of growth, leading to body weight less than 85% of that expected. - Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight.
- Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
- In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea, i.e. the absence of at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles.
What is the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa?
during the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has not regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
What is the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia type?
during the current episode of Anorexia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
What are the most common perceived causes of anorexia?
- Dysfunctional families
- Weight loss and dieting
- Stressful experiences
- Perceived pressure
What factors are cited as contributing to recovery?
- Supportive non-familial relationships
- Individual Therapy
- Maturation
Which is more common, bulimia or anorexia?
Bulimia
What are the DSM-V criteria for bulimia nervosa?
1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating A. Characterized by all of the following: 1) Eating … 2) Loss of Control 3) Compensatory Behaviors
What is the eating component of bulimia nervosa?
A. Eating in a discreet period of time (e.g., within any 2-hour period)
B. an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat
C. during a similar period of time and under similar circumstances.
What is the “lack of control” component of bulimia?
‘A sense of lack of control’ over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).
What is the compensatory behavior component of bulimia?
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as:
- self-induced vomiting;
- misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications (such as diet pills);
- fasting; or excessive exercise.
The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least twice a week for 3 months.
What is the purging type of bulimia?
during the current episode of Bulimia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
What is the non-purging type of bulimia?
during the current episode of Bulimia Nervosa, the person has used other inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but has not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
What are the family and environmental risk factors for bulimia?
A) low parental contact B) high parental achievement expectations C) low paternal care D) Relationships lacking in Perceived Mutuality are marked by severe and persistent disconnections A. Chronic Invalidation B. Nonresponsiveness C. Neglect D. Sexual, Physical, Emotional Abuse
What are the diagnostic criteria for binge-eating disorder?
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following:
1. Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g. within any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger that what most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.
2. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).
B. The binge-eating episodes are associated with 3 or more of the following:
-Eating much more rapidly than normal
-Eating until feeling uncomfortably full.
-Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry.
4. Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating.
5. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward.
C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is present.
D. The binge eating occurs, on average, at least once/week for 3 months.
E. The binge eating is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior as in bulimia nervosa and does not occur exclusively during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa.
What is atypical anorexia nervosa?
All of the criteria for anorexia nervosa are met, except that despite significant weight loss, the individual’s weight is within or above the normal range.
What is atypical bulimia nervosa?
All of the criteria for bulimia nervosa are met, except that the binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur, on average, less than once/week or for less than 3 months.
What is atypical binge-eating disorder?
All of the criteria for binge-eating disorder are met, except that the binge eating occurs, on average, less than once a week and for less than 3 months.
What is atypical purging disorder?
Recurrent purging behavior to influence weight or shape (e.g., self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications) in the absence of binge eating.
What are long term effects of eating disorders?
o Teeth erosion o Low potassium levels/electrolyte imbalances o Osteoporosis o Heart attacks/irregularities o Endocrine abnormalities o Ruptured esophagi o Seizures o Anemia o Diet pill addition o Ovarian failure o Retinopathy o Sterility Kidney drop
What lab tests are recommended for eating disorders?
EKG CBC with differential Serum electrolytes Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus levels Liver function tests Serum salivary amylase level Serum BUN, creatinine levels Blood glucose level T3, T4, TSH levels Urinalysis Stool examination if GI bleeding, abdominal complaints, anemia present
What comorbidity do 50% of ppl with eating disorders have? What other comorbidities may be present?
- Depression
- Alcoholism
- Substance abuse
True/false: Eating disorders have the highest mortality rates of any mental illness
True
When can counseling and medications become effective?
Only once weight is restored to within 90 to 95% of the normal range, can counseling and medications make a lasting impact.
What is the best kind of treatment for ppl with eating disorders?
Residential treatment
What treatment is recommended for moderate to severe anorexia?
usually requires full or partial hospitalization
What treatment is recommended for Severe depression or self-harmful behavior in a patient with bulimia
?
usually requires full or partial hospitalization if have severe physical symptoms
(such as electrolyte and cardiac abnormalities)
What are the treatment recommendations for Substantial or rapid weight loss, especially below 75 to 80 % of normal, or 20 to 30 percent below onset weight?
Hospitalization
How does therapy help to develop an internal self?
Identification of feelings
Differentiation from other family members
Validating patients own needs vs. family needs
Learning not to ‘swallow’ their voice
