Eating Disorders Flashcards
difference btwn eating disorder and disordered eating
ED: condition involving extreme body dissatisfaction and harmful long term eating patterns
disordered eating: atypical eating behaviours to reduce weight
factors of developing an ED (6)
family environment
media
sociocultural values
personality
genetics
PTSD
family influencing ED
rigid family = anorexia
unstable family = bulimia
eating disorders more common in families with a history of OCD, anxiety, depression
media influencing ED
adolescents can’t always tell what is real and what’s fake
self-comparison to edited pictures
sociocultural values influencing ED
west: beautiful/healthy/wealthy/disciplined = slender
personality influencing ED
hard to tell if it’s cause or effect
personality differs btwn people with anorexia and bulimia
genetics influencing ED
high risk of ED if it runs in the family
link btwn serotonin and ED
bulimia patients have experienced spontaeous improvement when on anti-depressants
what is anorexia nervosa
unhealthy behaviours maintain BW of less than 85% of expected
demographic of anorexia nervosa
90-95% are young women/girls (peak onset is 15-19)
0.5-1% of canadian females
5-20% will die of complications
symptoms of anorexia nervosa (5)
extreme food restriction
self-starvation
fear of weight gain
amenorrhea
unhealthy body image
health risks of anorexia nervosa (4)
electrolyte imbalance
CV problems
gastrointestinal problems
bone problems
what is bulimia nervosa
binge eating followed by purging
methods of purging
vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessice exercise, etc
demographic of bulimia nervosa (3)
1-4% of women
affects women more than men (btwn 1:6 and 1:10 ratio)
1% of patients will die within 10 years of diagnosis
avg bulimia nervosa patient
unmarried, caucasian female
20-30
normal/near normal BW
may be in a destructive relationship
“all or none” thinkers
symptoms bulimia nervosa
recurring binge eating (2+ time a week for 3 months)
recurring purging
40% of college age women binge and purge but not often enough for a diagnosis
health risks bulimia nervosa (4)
electrolyte imbalance - dehydration and loss of Na, K ions from vomiting
gastrointestinal problems
dental problems
swelling in cheeks/jaw
vegetarianism and ED
81% of teenaged vegetarians are female
-2x more likely to diet
4x more likely to report intentional vomiting
8x more likely to report use of laxatives
examples of disordered eating
binge eating disorder
chronic overeating
chronic dieting
symptoms of binfe eating disorder
often overweight
lack of control during binge
chaotic eating behaviours
negative self esteem
associated with depression, substamce abuse, anxiety
cause of binge eating disorder
often begins in grade school
learned reponse to stress or conflict
- parents use food to shape behaviour
health risks of binge eating disorder
obesity
foods are often high in fat and sugar
stress - psychological effects
symptoms of chronic dieting
preoccupation with food/weight/calories
strict diet
excessive exercise
loss of concentration/mood swings
criticism of body shape
health risks of chronic dieting
poor nutrient/energy intake
insuffcient caloric intake - vitamin/mineral deficiency
reduced BMR = decreased energy expenditure
increased risk of ED
other ED
body dysmorphic disorder
night-eating syndrome
baryophobia
orthorexia
anorexia athletica
what is RED-S
relative energy deficiency in sport
coers broad consequences of low energy availablility
what is the female athlete triad
subset of RED-S
consists of: disordered eating, osteoporosis, menstrual dysfunction
symptoms of RED-S
fatigue
rapid weight loss
missed periods/delayed periods
low libido (males)
frequent illness
hair loss
trouble focusing
trouble staying warm
irritability/depression
RED-S and its effect on performance
decreased strength, endurance, training response, coordination, concentration
increased risk of injury
impaired judgement
who is at risk for RED-S
sports that tie success to thinness (gymnastics, figure skating etc)
sports with weigh ins (rowing wrestling)
endurance athletes (marathons cycling)
team culture and its affect on eating
culture of body shaming
winning at all costs
how to treat anorexia
restore healthy weight
treat complications
encourage healthy behaviours
correct dysfunctional feelings towards ED
enlist help of family/friends
how to treat bulimia
identify/modify events that cause binge and purge
monitor and alter thoughts related to food and body image
enlist help of friends and family
how to prevent EDs
reduce weight-related comments to children
indentify unrealistic images in media
participate in sports
model healthy diet
