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Preventive Nutrition > Eating Alive- Part One > Flashcards

Eating Alive- Part One Flashcards

1
Q

what is the average capacity of an adult stomach?

A

about 1 quart (0.94 litres)

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2
Q

what is the first step of digestion in stomach?

A

thinking of food- saliva and digestive juice start developing

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3
Q

what is the second step of digestion in stomach?

A

eat food- chewing breaks down food to smallest molecules for best assimilation and absorption

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4
Q

what is the pathway of food to the stomach?

A

-travels through the esophagus to the stomach

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5
Q

what prevents the food from re entering the esophagus?

A

cardiac sphincter

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6
Q

explain the gastric juices and food in the stomach?

A
  • gastric juices break down food further for absorption

- some substances are absorbed through the stomach wall

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7
Q

what makes the stomach churn?

A

many layers of muscle

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8
Q

what does churning help to do?

A

help to make the acidic digestive juices that digest proteins, and mucous which protects the stomach from its own acid

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9
Q

where does food empty into once it is completely churned?

A

intestines

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10
Q

what are the 3 functions of the stomach?

A
  • storage
  • mixing
  • emptying
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11
Q

explain sotrage

A

stores food that enters from the esophagus

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12
Q

explain mixing

A

mixes the food particles to separate its nutrient content that forms the bolus

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13
Q

explain emptying

A

empties bolus into the intestine

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14
Q

food leaves the stomach and enters the intestine through ______ and into the duodenum (first part of small intestine)

A

pyloric valve

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15
Q

a small duct enters the duodenum just below the stomach where what happens?

A

bile and enzymes enter from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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16
Q

what does bile and enzymes help to do?

A
  • bile helps emulsify fats and lubricate the intestine

- enzymes help digest carbs, proteins and fats

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17
Q

what the mouth and stomach fail to digest , what finishes the job?

A

pancreatic enzymes

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18
Q

explain the small intestine

A
  • about 20 feet in length

- located in middle of abdominal cavity

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19
Q

what do small microvilli do?

A
  • secrete additional digestive juices to help digest fats, proteins and complex carbs into glucose
  • help absorb fat into lymph vessels and other digested nutrients into the veins
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20
Q

what do these veins join to form?

A

portal vein which carries nutrients to the liver

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21
Q

which valve separates the small intestine to the large intestine?

A

ileocecal valve

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22
Q

explain the ileocecal valve

A

stays closed until end of digestion and absorption to prevent micro-organisms from the large intestine entering the small intestine

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23
Q

explain peristalsis?

A

helps move food into the cecum of the large intestine

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24
Q

how long is large intestine?

A

5 feet in length

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25
Q

how many types of of micro-organisms in the large intestine which together make up the intestinal flora?

A

over 400 different types

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26
Q

what do the intestinal flora help in the making of?

A

some B vitamins, vitamin K, lactic acid, as well aids in peristalsis

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27
Q

what happens when the intestinal flora die?

A

become the bulk of the stool

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28
Q

what state does the food bolus enter the large intestine in?

A

liquid state

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29
Q

where does the food bolus travel through?

A
  • through the cecum, to ascending colon, to transverse, to descending colon
  • peristalsis helps move the bolus and extracts the liquid
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30
Q

what state is the food bolus by the time it enters the descending colon?

A

begins to form a hardened stool

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31
Q

where is the liver located and how much does it weigh?

A
  • slightly to the right in the core above and beside the stomach
  • weighs around 3 pounds
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32
Q

what is the liver essential in?

A

sustaining life

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33
Q

what does the liver make and store?

A
  • enzymes
  • bile
  • glycogen
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • amino acids
  • fats
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34
Q

what does the liver neutralize?

A

harmful toxins and wastes we are exposed to throughout our lives

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35
Q

the liver has over 500 functions, what are its top 5?

A
  • creating bile to emulsify fats (stored in gallbladder)
  • metabolizing hormones, internally produced wastes and foreign chemicals
  • synthesizes blood proteins and control and regulation of blood sugar
  • filtering everything in the blood
  • purifying and clearing waste products, toxins and drugs
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36
Q

what are other functions of the liver?

A
  • regulating and secreting substances important to maintaining body functions and health
  • storing important nutrients (such as glycogen glucose), vitamins and minerals
  • assimilating and storing fat-soluble vitamins
  • metabolizing fats, proteins and carbs
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37
Q

what is the liver capable of doing?

A

capable of regenerating itself

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38
Q

blood from the intestinal tract filters through what?

A

through the liver entering through the portal vein from the stomach

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39
Q

what does the blood contain?

A

a variety of nutrients, toxins, and possibly good and bad flora

40
Q

what does the liver do to the blood?

A

sorts and filters these and sends them either to be utilized or excreted

41
Q

what happens to the liver if it is exposed to more toxins than it can handle?

A

it can malfunction leading to a host of health symptoms and issues

42
Q

where is the gallbladder located?

A

4 inch, pear shaped organ, positioned under the liver

43
Q

what does the gallbladder do?

A
  • stores bile which is made in the liver
  • delivers bile into the small intestine which allows fat-soluble vitamins and nutrients to be more easily absorbed into the bloodstream
44
Q

what is bile a combination of?

A

fluids, fat and cholesterol

45
Q

what does bile do?

A

helps breakdown fat from food in the intestine

46
Q

where does the gallbladder receive bile from?

A

the liver and stores it for later use to be secreted into the intestines

47
Q

if the liver doesn’t neutralize all toxins fully, what happens?

A

they sit in the gallbladder leading to irritation and the gallbladder malfunctioning

48
Q

what happens id the gallbladder doesn’t secret bile properly?

A

fats and minerals in the bile may turn to stones

49
Q

what happens if bile is still toxic when leaving the liver and gallbladder?

A

the bile will increase irritation in the intestines leading to further health complications

50
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A
  • 5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 1 inch thick

- located on either side of the spine below the rib cage

51
Q

what do the kidneys do?

A

filter blood, remove waste products, and produce urine

52
Q

what happens to the urine that is formed?

A

drained through the ureter to the bladder until eliminated from the body

53
Q

what are the 5 main functions of the kidneys?

A
  • clean waste material from the blood
  • retain or excrete salt and water
  • regulate blood pressure
  • stimulate bone marrow to make red blood cells
  • control the amount of calcium and phosphorus absorbed and excreted
54
Q

as an infant, if we intake something we don’t like, or have too much of something what happens?

A
  • vomit or diarrhea

- this is a reaction from the stomach contracting quickly to eliminate the irritant

55
Q

what does over exposure to irritants lead to?

A

leads to the stomach “hardening” and therefore no longer eliminating the irritant

  • we train our digestive system to stop reacting
  • this creates a one way communication system with the stomach which is the beginning state of disease
56
Q

what are causes of poor digestion?

A
  • stress
  • processed food consumption
  • inadequate chewing
  • improper food combining
  • overeating - may be linked to poor nutrition
57
Q

explain stress

A

the body is designed to divert energy, blood, enzymes and oxygen away from the digestive organs when stress is experienced

58
Q

explain processed food consumption

A

food has been through refining process which increases shelf life and destroys nutrients and enzymes - body has to make more to compensate stress on pancreas

59
Q

what are symptoms of stomach troubles?

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • heart burn
  • indigestion
  • belching
  • gas
  • bloating
  • appetite disorders
  • ulcers
60
Q

what is hiatus hernia?

A

-when the diaphragm is weak and allows the stomach to be pulled up through it

61
Q

when does hiatus hernia occur?

A

when the stomach spasms (ex, when trying to eliminate an irritant), and the muscles shorten and pulls the stomach through the weakened diaphragm

62
Q

at what age can a hiatus hernia start to occur?

A

as early as childhood due to the regular or constant irritants entered into our system

63
Q

where is intestinal flora found?

A

found in large intestine and made up of over 400 different types of micro-organisms

64
Q

what does intestinal flora aid in?

A
  • aids in digestion
  • makes some B vitamins
  • makes lactic acid (which improves digestion and absorption)
  • aids in peristalsis
  • makes vitamin K (blood clotting)
65
Q

what is intestinal flora considered as?

A

considered “good guys” and helps heal the large intestine and protects from the “bad guys”

66
Q

what happens to intestinal flora with low stomach acid?

A

intestinal flora spread into the small intestine and into the stomach

67
Q

how do antibiotics affect intestinal flora?

A

affect the natural intestinal flora balance therefore affecting the digestive process

68
Q

what does an imbalance of intestinal flora lead to?

A

leads to increased yeast, other micro-organisms and toxins

69
Q

what can these toxins prevent good bacteria from doing?

A

prevent them from returning and lead to a toxic environment that will increase irritation, inflammation, and potentially disease

70
Q

how are yeast and “bad guys” created?

A

when poor digestion and slow elimination occur

71
Q

what do the “bad guys” feed off?

A

feed off anything your body is slow to digest, then excrete their waste into intestines

72
Q

what do the “bad guys” make up?

A

make up 78 different types of toxins including, skatols, indols, phenols, alcohol, ammonia, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde

73
Q

what do the “bad guys” prevent the “good guys” from doing?

A

from returning, creating a nice environment for more toxins to reside

74
Q

what are signs and symptoms of overpopulation of bad bacteria?

A
  • bloating
  • burping
  • belching
  • flatulence
  • constipation
  • reduction of nutrient absorption
  • irritation
  • inflammation
  • allergies
  • diarhhea
75
Q

what will irritation of the intestines lead to?

A

inflammation, which consists of sending more blood to the area to flush out the irritants and increase supply of nutrients to speed healing

76
Q

what happens if the irritants are being produced faster than can be eliminated?

A

chronic inflammation may occur

77
Q

what happens during inflammation of the intestines?

A

the “pores” in the intestine can become enlarged and allow large, incompletely digested chunks into the bloodstream

78
Q

what can inflammation of the intestines lead to?

A

allergies

79
Q

what is the standard treatment for inflammation if there is a bacterial infection included?

A

antibiotics

80
Q

when are anti-inflammatories used?

A

if irritant cause is a mystery

81
Q

what is the strongest anti-inflammatory ?

A

cortisone

82
Q

what are antibiotics and cortisone believed to suppress?

A

the body’s natural intestinal flora

83
Q

what does almost everyone have?

A
  • overstressed, under functioning digestive system
  • imbalanced intestinal flora
  • steady load of intestinal toxins seeping into the bloodstream which can cause disease
84
Q

what are some things the liver does?

A
  • detoxifier of poisons
  • deactivates heavy metals in the blood
  • breaks down coffee, alcohol, nicotine, drugs, pesticides, additives, etc
85
Q

what happens if the liver is overloaded?

A
  • function slows down and functions will be inhibited

- liver can be overloaded whether or not symptoms appear

86
Q

what happens once the livers capacity to detoxify is overwhelmed?

A
  • toxins can spill past the liver into the main bloodstream
  • there are even some intestinal toxins that the liver is incapable of filtering which get into the bloodstream regardless of the function of the liver
87
Q

what are symptoms of an overloaded liver?

A
  • blood sugar imbalances
  • sluggishness
  • moodiness
  • fatigue
  • PMS symptoms
  • metabolic disorders
  • increased blood pressure
  • sluggish hormone utilization
  • heart attacks and strokes
  • anxiety, depression, anger
88
Q

what are the kidneys the last line of defense of?

A

toxins in the main bloodstream

89
Q

kidneys are not well suited for the job of what?

A

deactivation of toxins therefore leading to kidney irritation, urinary tract and urethra infections

90
Q

what do these toxins also interfere with?

A

with the kidneys main role of fluid and mineral regulation leading to fluid retention, mineral deficiencies or crystallization of minerals into stones

91
Q

once past the kidneys, toxins can circulate through the entire bloodstream doing what?

A

irritating the membrane of every cell in the body

92
Q

what do toxins manifest as?

A

manifest as disease wherever the body is weakest

93
Q

what does chronic irritation lead to?

A

hypersensitivity therefore reacting to things that don’t normally irritate the area

94
Q

it is difficult to heal an affected area without what?

A

without addressing the intestinal problems

95
Q

what happens when the stomach is in shock from dietary means and digestion is disrupted?

A

more toxins enter from bile–> more aggravation occurs
–>digestion slows even further–> increase growth of bad bacteria–> more fermentation and putrefaction toxins–> more load on liver–> increased sensitivity–> more aggravation of stomach occurs

96
Q

improving diet will improve what?

A

digestion, absorption, detoxification, and improve our blood

Preventive Nutrition (6 decks)

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