Eastern Europe Flashcards
What are the winemaking regions in Moldova?
Codru PGI
- Central
- Continental climate
Stefan Voda PGI
- Southeast
Valul Lui Trajan PGI
- Southwest
- Mediterranean climate
Balti (Not a PGI)
What grapes are most grown in Moldova?
Feteasca Alba
Feteasca Regala
Feteasca Neagra
French varieties represent the most vineyard land
- Aligote
- Chardonnay
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Pinot Noir
What impacts the climate and geography of Romania?
Continental Climate
- Moderated by the Black Sea on the east coast
– Dobrogea
– Danube Terraces
- Carpathian Mountains are in the center of the country
- Many wine regions form a ring along the outer slopes of the range
– Moldavan Hills
– Muntenia-Oltenia
– Banat
– Crisana-Maramures - Danube River is south border with Serbia
- Transylvanian Plateau is in the dead center of the country
What is the equivalent of PDO in Romania?
How many are there?
Denumire de Origine Controlata - DOC, PDO
- 35 DOCs
- 30% of production
- 7 of 8 major zones contain DOCs
What is the Ripeness Labeling Subcategories of Romania?
DOC-CMD
- Grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC-CT
- Late-harvested grapes
DOC-CIB
- Botrytis-affected grapes
What are the Aging Designations of Romania?
Rezerva
- Min 6 months in oak and 6 months in bottle
Vin de Vinoteca
- Min 1 year in oak and 4 years in bottle
Whats the quality heirarchy in Romania?
Wines for Current Consumption - Tables Wine
- VM - Table wine/Vin de Mesa
- VMS - Superior table wine/Vin de Masa Superior
Quality Wines
- Vin cu Indicatie Geografica - PGI
– Min 85% of grapes must be produced and vinified in are on label
– 12 PGIs
– 9% of production
- Denumire de Origine Controlata - DOC, PDO
– Recommended and authorized vitis viniferas only
– No hybrids
What are the main grapes grown in Romania?
White
- Feteasca Alba - Native
- Feteasca Regala - Native
- Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)
- Chardonnay
- Sauvignon
- Muscat Ottonel
- Pinot Gris
Red
- Merlot - Most planted
- Cab Sauv
- Pinot Noir
- Feteasca Neagra - Native
- Burgund Mare - Native
- Babeasca Neagra - Native
- Rosioara (Pamid in Bulgaria)
Where did Russia rank in production in 1980?
What caused it to change?
- Soviet Union was 4th largest producer of wine
- Production declined by over 3 billion liters due to Gorbachev’s propagandistic anti-alcohol campaign
Where are the wine regions in Russia located?
Only portion suitable for viticulture is the southern peninsula between the Black and Caspian Sea
What are main Russia wine regions?
Krasnodar
- Black Sea Coast
- Over 50% of production
- Maritime moderate climate
Dagestan and Stavropol
- Grapes are mostly distilled into brandy
- Super cold
- Vines have to be buried in the coldest months of winter
What are the growing regions in Slovakia?
6 Growing Regions
- Male Karpaty Hills - Small Carpathian
– Most important
- Juznoslovenska - Southern Slovakia
- Nitrianska - Nitra wine region
- Stredoslovenska - Central Slovakia
- Vychodoslovenska - Eastern Slovakia
- Tokaj - Tokajska until 2010
– Contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary
What region in Slovakia shares winemaking tradition with Hungary?
Tokaj - Tokajska until 2010
- Contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary
– Share winemaking traditions
- Slovakian vintners can use Tokajsky/-á/-é (“of Tokaj”) on the label if they abide by - Hungarian production regulations
What grapes are most grown in Slovakia?
White
- Silvaner
- Veltliner
- Welschriesling
- Riesling
Red
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Blaufrankisch
What are the growing regions in Ukraine?
Crimea (Krim) - Annexed by Russia in 2014
Odessa
Nikolayev-Kherson
Transcarpathian
What are the growing regions in Ukraine?
Crimea (Krim) - Annexed by Russia in 2014
Odessa
Nikolayev-Kherson
Transcarpathian
What are the growing regions of Georgia?
Kakhet
- 80% of production of Georgia
Kartli
Imereti
Racha
Lechkhumi
Meskheti
Adjara
Guria
Samegrelo
Apkhazeti
What grapes are most grown in Georgia?
Over 500 indigenous grape exist
37 authorized varieties
Red
- Saperavi
White
- Rkatsiteli
How is wine traditionally made in Georgia?
Qvevri
- Amphorae pots used for ferment and aging
- Buried beneath the winery
- Traditionally all components of the grape clusters (chacha) go into the qvevri
What are the growing regions in Slovenia?
Primorska - AKA Primore
- West
- Borders Friuli
Podravje
- Northeast
Poasvje
- South
- Borders Croatia
What is the wine law heirarchy in Slovenia?
Zascitena Oznaca Porekla - ZOP
- PDO
Zascintena Geografska Oznacba - ZGO
- PGI
Namizo vino
- Table wine
What grapes are most commonly grown in Slovenia?
White - 70% of production
- Rebula AKA Ribolla
- Sivi Pinot AKA Pinot Grigio
- Pinela
- Zelen - Relative of Verduzzo Gialla
Red
- Refosk - AKA Refosco
- Merlot
- Cabernet Sauvignon
Describe the climate of Slovenia
Continental except Primorska
- Primorska is Mediterranean influenced similar to Friuli
What does Brda translate to in Slovenia?
Brda - Hills
What are the district PDOs in Posavje, Slovenia?
Three Districts - PDO
- Bizelsjko Sremic
– Sparkling
- Dolenjska
– Cvicek - Fashionable tart blend of white and red grapes
- Bela krajina
– Home to sweet Rumeni Muskat
What is the largest region in Slovenia?
Podravje PGI / Podravska
9,000 ha
What are the districts in Podravje PGI / Podravska?
Two Districts - PDOs
- Stajerska Slovenija
– Styrian Slovenia
- Prekurje
– Warmer
– Produces more generous full-bodied styles
What are the district in Primorska?
Slovenska Istra PDO
Kras PDO
Vipavska dolina PDO
Goriska Brda PDO
Where are the oldest wine producing vines in the world located?
Maribor
- Capital of Stajerska Slovenija
- Zametovka or modra kavcina (Bleu de Cologne)
— The oldest vines in the world to still produce fruit according to Guinness Book of World Records
— Over 400 years old
— Planted at the end of the middle ages during the Turkish Invasions
— Harvested by the master of the Old Vine, the mayor of Maribor when he decides the grapes are ripe
— Grape gatherers from Sompetra near Maribor are choosen by the master of the vine
— They press the wine before giving it to the Meranovo Estate
— Festivals like “Pruning of the Old Vine, St. Martin’s Day and the Old Vine Festival” are held here
— The vine even has it’s own song which locals will sing for you
What are the winegrowing regions of Armenia?
Geography
- 5 regions
– Ararat Valley
– Ararat Valley foothills
– The Northeast Zone
– Vaiots Dzor
– Zangezur
Over 50% of production comes from Ararat Valley and foothills
Where is Mount Ararat?
Mount Ararat is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in the extreme east of Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian Highland with an elevation of 5,137 m; Little Ararat’s elevation is 3,896 m
What was Pepsi’s involvement in the Bulgarian wine business?
1970s
- Era of Investment and consultation
- Pepsi Co was paid in Bulgarian wine for it’s cola concentrate because the value of local currency was so low
- Pepsi didn’t like the quality so they hired consultants, including Professor Maynard Amerine of UC Davis to improve it
- Ended up planting Cab Sauv and Chardonnay
What was USSR’s involvment in Bulgaria viticulture?
USSR
- After WWII Soviets tried to take advantage of the economic potential in wine
- Developed land on state-run farms
- Vinprom
– Formed in 1948 to manage vineyard expansion and promotion
– Vineyards were established on flatter, more fertile grounds in an effort to producer higher yields and allow for mechanical farming
- By late 1950s, Russia was importing most of Bulgarian production
– 4th largest global exporter at the time
What are the wine growing regions in Bulgaria?
Danubian Plain
- Northern
Black Sea Coast
- Cherno More
- Eastern
Thracian Plain
- Southern
Sub-Balkan Zone
- Aka Valley of the Roses
Struma Valley
- South Western Region
What are grapes are grown in Bulgaria?
Red account for 60% of area under Vine
- Cabernet
- Merlot
- Pamid
– Thin-skinned
– Historic
– 10% of all plantings
– First red variety to be harvested
- Gamza
– AKA Kadarka
– Indigenous
- Mavrud
- Rubin
– Crossing of Nebbiolo and Syrah
– Showings potential
White
- Red Misket
– AKA Misket Cherven
– Aromatic specialty of Sungurlare
– No related to Muscat
- Rkatsiteli
- Dimiat
What do they terms require in Bulgaria…
Barik?
Reserve?
Special Selection?
Barik
- Fermented in oak casks of 500L or less
Reserve
- Single variety
- 1 year aged
Special Selection
- Single Variety
- 2 years aged
