Eastern Europe Flashcards by tim martin

What are the winemaking regions in Moldova?

Codru PGI
- Central
- Continental climate

Stefan Voda PGI
- Southeast

Valul Lui Trajan PGI
- Southwest
- Mediterranean climate

Balti (Not a PGI)

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What grapes are most grown in Moldova?

Feteasca Alba
Feteasca Regala
Feteasca Neagra
French varieties represent the most vineyard land
- Aligote
- Chardonnay
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Pinot Noir

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What impacts the climate and geography of Romania?

Continental Climate
- Moderated by the Black Sea on the east coast
– Dobrogea
– Danube Terraces

Carpathian Mountains are in the center of the country
Many wine regions form a ring along the outer slopes of the range
– Moldavan Hills
– Muntenia-Oltenia
– Banat
– Crisana-Maramures
Danube River is south border with Serbia
Transylvanian Plateau is in the dead center of the country

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What is the equivalent of PDO in Romania?
How many are there?

Denumire de Origine Controlata - DOC, PDO
- 35 DOCs
- 30% of production
- 7 of 8 major zones contain DOCs

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What is the Ripeness Labeling Subcategories of Romania?

DOC-CMD
- Grapes harvested at full maturity

DOC-CT
- Late-harvested grapes

DOC-CIB
- Botrytis-affected grapes

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What are the Aging Designations of Romania?

Rezerva
- Min 6 months in oak and 6 months in bottle

Vin de Vinoteca
- Min 1 year in oak and 4 years in bottle

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Whats the quality heirarchy in Romania?

Wines for Current Consumption - Tables Wine
- VM - Table wine/Vin de Mesa
- VMS - Superior table wine/Vin de Masa Superior

Quality Wines
- Vin cu Indicatie Geografica - PGI
– Min 85% of grapes must be produced and vinified in are on label
– 12 PGIs
– 9% of production
- Denumire de Origine Controlata - DOC, PDO
– Recommended and authorized vitis viniferas only
– No hybrids

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What are the main grapes grown in Romania?

White
- Feteasca Alba - Native
- Feteasca Regala - Native
- Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)
- Chardonnay
- Sauvignon
- Muscat Ottonel
- Pinot Gris

Red
- Merlot - Most planted
- Cab Sauv
- Pinot Noir
- Feteasca Neagra - Native
- Burgund Mare - Native
- Babeasca Neagra - Native
- Rosioara (Pamid in Bulgaria)

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Where did Russia rank in production in 1980?
What caused it to change?

Soviet Union was 4th largest producer of wine
Production declined by over 3 billion liters due to Gorbachev’s propagandistic anti-alcohol campaign

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Where are the wine regions in Russia located?

Only portion suitable for viticulture is the southern peninsula between the Black and Caspian Sea

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What are main Russia wine regions?

Krasnodar
- Black Sea Coast
- Over 50% of production
- Maritime moderate climate

Dagestan and Stavropol
- Grapes are mostly distilled into brandy
- Super cold
- Vines have to be buried in the coldest months of winter

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What are the growing regions in Slovakia?

6 Growing Regions
- Male Karpaty Hills - Small Carpathian
– Most important
- Juznoslovenska - Southern Slovakia
- Nitrianska - Nitra wine region
- Stredoslovenska - Central Slovakia
- Vychodoslovenska - Eastern Slovakia
- Tokaj - Tokajska until 2010
– Contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary

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What region in Slovakia shares winemaking tradition with Hungary?

Tokaj - Tokajska until 2010
- Contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary
– Share winemaking traditions
- Slovakian vintners can use Tokajsky/-á/-é (“of Tokaj”) on the label if they abide by - Hungarian production regulations

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What grapes are most grown in Slovakia?

White
- Silvaner
- Veltliner
- Welschriesling
- Riesling

Red
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Blaufrankisch

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What are the growing regions in Ukraine?

Crimea (Krim) - Annexed by Russia in 2014
Odessa
Nikolayev-Kherson
Transcarpathian

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What are the growing regions in Ukraine?

Crimea (Krim) - Annexed by Russia in 2014
Odessa
Nikolayev-Kherson
Transcarpathian

What are the growing regions of Georgia?

Kakhet
- 80% of production of Georgia
Kartli
Imereti
Racha
Lechkhumi
Meskheti
Adjara
Guria
Samegrelo
Apkhazeti

What grapes are most grown in Georgia?

Over 500 indigenous grape exist
37 authorized varieties

Red
- Saperavi

White
- Rkatsiteli

How is wine traditionally made in Georgia?

Qvevri
- Amphorae pots used for ferment and aging
- Buried beneath the winery
- Traditionally all components of the grape clusters (chacha) go into the qvevri

What are the growing regions in Slovenia?

Primorska - AKA Primore
- West
- Borders Friuli

Podravje
- Northeast

Poasvje
- South
- Borders Croatia

What is the wine law heirarchy in Slovenia?

Zascitena Oznaca Porekla - ZOP
- PDO

Zascintena Geografska Oznacba - ZGO
- PGI

Namizo vino
- Table wine

What grapes are most commonly grown in Slovenia?

White - 70% of production
- Rebula AKA Ribolla
- Sivi Pinot AKA Pinot Grigio
- Pinela
- Zelen - Relative of Verduzzo Gialla

Red
- Refosk - AKA Refosco
- Merlot
- Cabernet Sauvignon

Describe the climate of Slovenia

Continental except Primorska
- Primorska is Mediterranean influenced similar to Friuli

What does Brda translate to in Slovenia?

Brda - Hills

What are the district PDOs in Posavje, Slovenia?

Three Districts - PDO - Bizelsjko Sremic -- Sparkling - Dolenjska -- Cvicek - Fashionable tart blend of white and red grapes - Bela krajina -- Home to sweet Rumeni Muskat

What is the largest region in Slovenia?

Podravje PGI / Podravska 9,000 ha

What are the districts in Podravje PGI / Podravska?

Two Districts - PDOs - Stajerska Slovenija -- Styrian Slovenia - Prekurje -- Warmer -- Produces more generous full-bodied styles

What are the district in Primorska?

Slovenska Istra PDO Kras PDO Vipavska dolina PDO Goriska Brda PDO

Where are the oldest wine producing vines in the world located?

Maribor - Capital of Stajerska Slovenija - Zametovka or modra kavcina (Bleu de Cologne) --- The oldest vines in the world to still produce fruit according to Guinness Book of World Records --- Over 400 years old --- Planted at the end of the middle ages during the Turkish Invasions --- Harvested by the master of the Old Vine, the mayor of Maribor when he decides the grapes are ripe --- Grape gatherers from Sompetra near Maribor are choosen by the master of the vine --- They press the wine before giving it to the Meranovo Estate --- Festivals like "Pruning of the Old Vine, St. Martin's Day and the Old Vine Festival" are held here --- The vine even has it's own song which locals will sing for you

What are the winegrowing regions of Armenia?

Geography - 5 regions -- Ararat Valley -- Ararat Valley foothills -- The Northeast Zone -- Vaiots Dzor -- Zangezur Over 50% of production comes from Ararat Valley and foothills

Where is Mount Ararat?

Mount Ararat is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in the extreme east of Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian Highland with an elevation of 5,137 m; Little Ararat's elevation is 3,896 m

What was Pepsi's involvement in the Bulgarian wine business?

1970s - Era of Investment and consultation - Pepsi Co was paid in Bulgarian wine for it's cola concentrate because the value of local currency was so low - Pepsi didn't like the quality so they hired consultants, including Professor Maynard Amerine of UC Davis to improve it - Ended up planting Cab Sauv and Chardonnay

What was USSR's involvment in Bulgaria viticulture?

USSR - After WWII Soviets tried to take advantage of the economic potential in wine - Developed land on state-run farms - Vinprom -- Formed in 1948 to manage vineyard expansion and promotion -- Vineyards were established on flatter, more fertile grounds in an effort to producer higher yields and allow for mechanical farming - By late 1950s, Russia was importing most of Bulgarian production -- 4th largest global exporter at the time

What are the wine growing regions in Bulgaria?

Danubian Plain - Northern Black Sea Coast - Cherno More - Eastern Thracian Plain - Southern Sub-Balkan Zone - Aka Valley of the Roses Struma Valley - South Western Region

What are grapes are grown in Bulgaria?

Red account for 60% of area under Vine - Cabernet - Merlot - Pamid -- Thin-skinned -- Historic -- 10% of all plantings -- First red variety to be harvested - Gamza -- AKA Kadarka -- Indigenous - Mavrud - Rubin -- Crossing of Nebbiolo and Syrah -- Showings potential White - Red Misket -- AKA Misket Cherven -- Aromatic specialty of Sungurlare -- No related to Muscat - Rkatsiteli - Dimiat

What do they terms require in Bulgaria... Barik? Reserve? Special Selection?

Barik - Fermented in oak casks of 500L or less Reserve - Single variety - 1 year aged Special Selection - Single Variety - 2 years aged