Eastern and Western Terms for FInal Flashcards
autonomy
- intentionality
- understanding
3/4. free from int/ext constraints
autonomy
kant vs utilitarian
kant - autonomy of will, rationality over emotion
utilit - ability to calculate utility
paternalism
coerce/infringe on someone’s autonomy for the sake of that person’s wellbeing
informed consent
moral/legal right to not be subject to medical interventions without informed and voluntary consent
req competence, adequate information, voluntariness (free from int/ext constraints)
hippocratic oath
4th centruy bc writings by pythagoras/hippocrates
- do no harm
- medical confidentiality
- exemption from court testimony for patients
- duties of professional care for fellow med profess
therapeutic vs non-therapeutic research
therap - medical benefit of the subj
non-thera - basic science knowledge, not for benefit of subj
deductive vs inductive
ded - principles down to case
ind - case up to principles
ethics of care
carol giligan challenged kohlberg’s notion that women could not achieve morality
maybe partiality is not < abstraction
focus on empathy and relationships and consequences on others
prima facie conditional duties
gratitude, reparation, justice, beneficence, non-malefiecence, self-improvement, fidelity
categorical imperatives
- universal law
2. humanity as not just means but also end
perfect duties
no legit exception, do or do not do
respect for people as rational beings
imperfect duties
duties one must fulfill, but has freedom in how
utility bentham vs mill
benth - pleasure > pain
mill - happiness > unhappiness
karma (H)
all thoughts, desires, actions have consequences that influence one’s life
Brahman (H)
ultimate reality, unknowable god
samkya (H)
prakriti (activity) and purusa (unseen seer)
the goal is to gradually develop bodily control and mental focus, to realize the difference between one’s core deep understanding and the changing phenomenon of material world + senses
varna (H)
four roles in society, would later transmutate to caste
caste (H)
priest
warriors
skilled laborers untouchables
Brahim (H)
priest class, mastered and performed ritual mantras, social elites
Kshatriyas (H)
warriors
vaishyas (H)
merchants, professionals, skilled laboreres
shudras (H)
untouchables
upanishads (H)
final vedic layer
philosophical texts containing insights from rishis about the search for Brahman through meditation
dharma (H)
virtuous teachings and beliefs, natural law, dictates society, family, age, and spiritual development
karma (B)
consequences of moral action, ethical implications of dharma
nirvana (B)
enlightenment, goal of buddhist path, arhant is one who achieves this
dharma (B)
natural and moral law, truths of reality, right conduct given one’s stage of evolution
four noble truths (B)
- life is suffering, is imperfect, and is unsatisfactory
- suffering emerges from desires
- suffering will cease if desires cease
- can cease desires thru eight fold path
annica/anitya (B)
impermanence
sunyata (B)
emptiness, void, cosmic unity
sangha (B)
monastic community
duhkha (B)
first of the four noble truths
ahimsa (J)
do no harm
killing has a negative karmic effect, more if higher being
all life has value, humans have no right to supremacy
aparigraha (J)
non-attachment
people and things tether us to the cycle of reincarnation
anekantavada (J)
non-absolutism
truth has many facets, see world from different angles, be openminded, avoid anger
jiva (J)
the soul or self, higher consciousness, can be saved after reincarnation
tirthankaras (J)
fordmakers, create a path of religion in times of turbulence and decreased happiness, steer people away from evil
mahavira is the last of 24
