Eastern and Western Terms for FInal

Question 1

autonomy

Answer 1

1. intentionality
2. understanding
   3/4. free from int/ext constraints

Question 2

autonomy

kant vs utilitarian

Answer 2

kant - autonomy of will, rationality over emotion

utilit - ability to calculate utility

Question 3

paternalism

Answer 3

coerce/infringe on someone’s autonomy for the sake of that person’s wellbeing

Question 4

informed consent

Answer 4

moral/legal right to not be subject to medical interventions without informed and voluntary consent
req competence, adequate information, voluntariness (free from int/ext constraints)

Question 5

hippocratic oath

Answer 5

4th centruy bc writings by pythagoras/hippocrates

• do no harm
• medical confidentiality
• exemption from court testimony for patients
• duties of professional care for fellow med profess

Question 6

therapeutic vs non-therapeutic research

Answer 6

therap - medical benefit of the subj

non-thera - basic science knowledge, not for benefit of subj

Question 7

deductive vs inductive

Answer 7

ded - principles down to case

ind - case up to principles

Question 8

ethics of care

Answer 8

carol giligan challenged kohlberg’s notion that women could not achieve morality
maybe partiality is not < abstraction
focus on empathy and relationships and consequences on others

Question 9

prima facie conditional duties

Answer 9

gratitude, reparation, justice, beneficence, non-malefiecence, self-improvement, fidelity

Question 10

categorical imperatives

Answer 10

1. universal law

2. humanity as not just means but also end

Question 11

perfect duties

Answer 11

no legit exception, do or do not do

respect for people as rational beings

Question 12

imperfect duties

Answer 12

duties one must fulfill, but has freedom in how

Question 13

utility bentham vs mill

Answer 13

benth - pleasure > pain

mill - happiness > unhappiness

Question 14

karma (H)

Answer 14

all thoughts, desires, actions have consequences that influence one’s life

Question 15

Brahman (H)

Answer 15

ultimate reality, unknowable god

Question 16

samkya (H)

Answer 16

prakriti (activity) and purusa (unseen seer)
the goal is to gradually develop bodily control and mental focus, to realize the difference between one’s core deep understanding and the changing phenomenon of material world + senses

Question 17

varna (H)

Answer 17

four roles in society, would later transmutate to caste

Question 18

caste (H)

Answer 18

priest
warriors
skilled laborers untouchables

Question 19

Brahim (H)

Answer 19

priest class, mastered and performed ritual mantras, social elites

Question 20

Kshatriyas (H)

Answer 20

warriors

Question 21

vaishyas (H)

Answer 21

merchants, professionals, skilled laboreres

Question 22

shudras (H)

Answer 22

untouchables

Question 23

upanishads (H)

Answer 23

final vedic layer

philosophical texts containing insights from rishis about the search for Brahman through meditation

Question 24

dharma (H)

Answer 24

virtuous teachings and beliefs, natural law, dictates society, family, age, and spiritual development

Question 25

karma (B)

Answer 25

consequences of moral action, ethical implications of dharma

Question 26

nirvana (B)

Answer 26

enlightenment, goal of buddhist path, arhant is one who achieves this

Question 27

dharma (B)

Answer 27

natural and moral law, truths of reality, right conduct given one’s stage of evolution

Question 28

four noble truths (B)

Answer 28

1. life is suffering, is imperfect, and is unsatisfactory
2. suffering emerges from desires
3. suffering will cease if desires cease
4. can cease desires thru eight fold path

Question 29

annica/anitya (B)

Answer 29

impermanence

Question 30

sunyata (B)

Answer 30

emptiness, void, cosmic unity

Question 31

sangha (B)

Answer 31

monastic community

Question 32

duhkha (B)

Answer 32

first of the four noble truths

Question 33

ahimsa (J)

Answer 33

do no harm
killing has a negative karmic effect, more if higher being
all life has value, humans have no right to supremacy

Question 34

aparigraha (J)

Answer 34

non-attachment

people and things tether us to the cycle of reincarnation

Question 35

anekantavada (J)

Answer 35

non-absolutism

truth has many facets, see world from different angles, be openminded, avoid anger

Question 36

jiva (J)

Answer 36

the soul or self, higher consciousness, can be saved after reincarnation

Question 37

tirthankaras (J)

Answer 37

fordmakers, create a path of religion in times of turbulence and decreased happiness, steer people away from evil
mahavira is the last of 24