Eastern and Western Self Flashcards
1
Q
Almost 2000 years before the first western text was
introduced, the ______________ was already so advanced
that it had accounts of the virtuous philosophies of China
A
eastern civilization
2
Q
Almost 2000 years before the first western text was introduced, the eastern civilization was already so advanced
that it had accounts of the
A
virtuous philosophies of China, the
famous civil codes like the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi,
and the earliest religious texts of India like the Rigveda.
3
Q
famous civil codes like the
A
e Babylonian Code of Hammurabi
4
Q
the earliest religious texts of India like the
A
Rigveda
5
Q
Noticeably the eastern thoughts are concerned about
the _______________ in the community
A
collective life
6
Q
Noticeably the ______________ are concerned about
the collective life in the community
A
eastern thoughts
7
Q
Noticeably the eastern thoughts are concerned about
the collective life in the community. This is very much in contrast with the _______________ concepts of the west
A
individualistic
8
Q
Noticeably the eastern thoughts are concerned about
the collective life in the community. This is very much in contrast with the individualistic concepts of the ___________
A
west
9
Q
The _____________________ is a western model of the soul.
A
concept of the psyche
10
Q
The concept of the psyche is a ______________________
A
western model of the soul
11
Q
are always preoccupied by the duality of the body and soul.
A
Western traditions
12
Q
Western traditions are always preoccupied by the ______________ of the body and soul.
A
duality
13
Q
_______________ started with the idea that the soul inhabited the world of
ideas, while the body descended to the world of the sensible
A
Plato
14
Q
inhabited the world of ideas
A
the soul
15
Q
descended to the world of the sensible
A
the body
16
Q
is there up above the heavens
A
ideal self
17
Q
imprisoned in a finite material body
A
bodily self or the soul
18
Q
Even _______________ did not solve this problem of duality
A
Aristotle
19
Q
meaning that the human person is composed of matter or the body and form or the soul
A
hylemorphic theory
20
Q
He proposed a hylemorphic theory, meaning that the human person is composed of matter or the body and form
or the soul
A
Aristotle
21
Q
__________ is changeable while the ___________ remains
A
Matter; form
22
Q
asserted that the body is equally important as the soul, because the former will give the latter the knowledge it ought to have through senses
A
Aristotle
23
Q
What is important in this concept is the development of the self from conception to death.
A
Western Self
24
Q
lone purpose of the self, therefore is to __________________________
A
live according to the ideals of the soul
25
one purpose of the self, therefore is to live according to the ideals of the soul – the ultimate goodness, perfection, excellence
arête
26
– the ultimate goodness, perfection, excellence
arête
27
arête
– the ultimate goodness, perfection, excellence
28
All of life’s directions, inasmuch as the western individualistic self is concerned are geared towards
self-perfection
29
Wants to attain perfection in meditation and enlightenment
Eastern Self
30
do not have the notion of the separation of the body and
soul
Easterners
31
Easterners do not have the notion of the separation of the body and soul. It is always _____________
one self
32
The ____________, for example in Indian philosophy is considered to be the seat of consciousness
Atman
33
The Atman, for example in Indian philosophy is considered to be the
seat of consciousness
34
may have different levels of consciousness but there is always ones self.
Atman
35
Even death is considered to be just another level of consciousness but the _________________ continues to exist because it is not dependent on the body
Atman
36
Even death is considered to be just another level of consciousness but the Atman continues to exist because it is not dependent on the body.
This in fact is also the concept of the non-self in _____________
Buddhism
37
Even death is considered to be just another level of consciousness but the Atman continues to exist because it is not dependent on the body.
This in fact is also the concept of the non-self in Buddhism.
In this concept the self is considered as ___________________________________________________________________________________
nothing but an evolution and transformation of inner consciousness
38
emphasized the relational self and the social understanding of the self
Confucian philosophy
39
Eastern Self: Confucian philosophy from China emphasized the
relational self and the social understanding of the self.
40
In a way, the self is the ideal of a _______________ who is willing to forget about his self-interest in favor of the interest of the community
selfless person
41
In this conception, there is still the individual self and the self is ______________________________
mutually exclusive as the social self
42
However the _________________ is incorporated in the interest of the social self
individual self
43
However the individual self is incorporated in the interest of the _______________
social self
44
asserts that the individual self and the social self are not mutually exclusive but are metaphysically and profoundly related
Confucian thought/second interpretation of Confucian thought/Confusian philosophy
45
he second interpretation of Confucian thought asserts that the individual self and the social self are not mutually exclusive but are
metaphysically and profoundly related
46
It means that the self is constructively connected with the pursuit of the
social self
47
very much associated with communal self
Middle Eastern traditions
48
which put emphasis on the unity of a nation – the chosen people of God
Judaeo-Christian philosophies
49
of Islamic traditions highlights the oneness of Allah and the
inclusivity of Islam as a religion
Prophet Mohammad
50
would always find themselves reminding the people, as
community of believers , to be faithful to the loving compassion of God
biblical prophets
51
Both traditions stress the importance of the _____________________________
community over the self
52
"I" identity
Individualism
53
Promotes individual goals, initiative and achievement.
Individualism
54
Individual rights are seen as being the most important. Rules attempt to ensure self-importance and individualism
Individualism
55
Independence is valued; there is much less of a drive to help other citizens or communities than in collectivism.
Individualism
56
Relying or being dependent on others is frequently seen as shameful
Individualism
57
People are encouraged to do things on their own; to rely on themselves
Individualism
58
People strive for their own successes
Individualism
59
Each person is encouraged to be an active player in society, to do what is best for society as a whole rather than
themselves.
Collectivism
60
The rights of families, communities, and the collective supersede those of the individual. - Rules promote unity,
brotherhood, and selflessness.
Collectivism
61
Working with others and cooperating is the norm; everyone supports each other
Collectivism
62
as a community, family or nation more than as an individual
Collectivism
63
is a shared assumption or perception of the people in society
Social Construction
64
The western social construct of the self
- The individualistic self - autonomous
- The self as self-sufficient
- the self being rational
65
At a very young age, the child is already taught to pursue
what is best for self.
Individualistic Self
66
In adult life, the measure of a successful life is when the
self is able to fulfill the life-goals set for and by the self
Individualistic Self
67
The individualistic self is a always conceived as the
autonomous bounded entity
68
is a always conceived as the autonomous bounded entity
individualistic self
69
For one to be autonomous, one must be able to show ________________________
independence
70
For one to be ________________, one must be able to show
independence
autonomous
71
This construct presumes that a successful self must be
able to supply one’s needs without external assistance.
Self- sufficiency
72
also implies confidence in one’s capacity to provide what the self needs from one’s own resources and authority.
Being self-sufficient/Self- sufficiency
73
Therefore it is important for the self to establish one’s
power and accumulate the needed knowledge and resources so that one will be able to provide one’s
needs
Self- sufficiency
74
in the western practice, there in no time for the self to be
weak and emotional
Self being rational
75
in the western practice, there in no time for the self to be ____________________
weak and emotional
76
The self must not waste resources on meditation and
other metaphysical cognitions but to be constantly
rational and reasonable
77
The self must not waste resources on meditation and
other metaphysical cognitions but to be constantly
rational and reasonable.
Self being rational
78
The self masters the causal relationships of things.
Self being rational
79
Everything must be explained by
logic and reason
80
Everything must be explained by logic and reason
Self being rational
81
therefore, is grounded on one’s investment on reason and logical thinking.
successful self
82
The successful self therefore, is grounded on one’s
investment on
reason and logical thinking
83
embraces the scientific conception of things that affect one’s growth, psycho-physical development, intellectual capacity, interaction with others and involvement in societal institutions and infrastructures
successful self
84
The successful self embraces the _________________________ that affect one’s growth, psycho-physical development, intellectual capacity, interaction with others and involvement in societal institutions and infrastructures.
scientific conception of things
85
is primarily viewed as collectivistic and is always grounded on nature
eastern social construct
86
The eastern social construct is primarily viewed
as ______________________ and is always grounded on nature.
collectivistic
87
The eastern social construct is primarily viewed as collectivistic and is always grounded on
nature
88
There were many eastern traditions that flourished in the history of thought that were firmly based on how
the self relates to others, to the Divine Being and to nature
89
emphasizes the primacy of the society over the individual person
Confucian system
90
believed that the threat to social order is only caused by the unchecked selfish desires of individuals
Confucius
91
In fact Confucius believed that the threat to social order is only caused by the unchecked ______________________ of individuals
selfish desires
92
is a person within the society who exhibits refinement and compassion
The Self in the Confucian system
93
CONFUCIUS
KUNG FU ZI
94
Central in the educational formation of junzi are humanistic learning, refined personal manners and the capacity to govern the community wisely and with compassion.
The self therefore is the
transmitter of the ancient virtues to the new world.
95
Central in the educational formation of _________ are humanistic learning, refined personal manners and the capacity to govern the community wisely and with compassion
junzi
96
In Chinese philosophy, _________________ are of great
importance.
religious rituals
97
In __________________, religious rituals are of great
importance.
Chinese philosophy
98
originally means sacrifice
li
99
li means
sacrifice
100
understood as refined manner of spiritual rituals and sacrifices, and protocols in honoring the ancestors
principle of li
101
Central in the educational formation of junzi are:
- humanistic learning
- refined personal manners
- the capacity to govern the community wisely and with compassion
102
is both the restraining and the refinement of the self
li
103
Li is both the
restraining and the refinement of the self
104
is the character of the self that sincerely shows compassion for others
Ren
105
Ren is the character of the self that sincerely shows
compassion for others
106
The self must embody __________________ by prioritizing the self-interest of others
human-heartedness
107
jenzi
sage king
108
is characterized by his practice of ren in putting others first before the self.
sage king – jenzi
109
Central in the educational formation of junzi are humanistic learning, refined personal manners and the capacity to govern the community wisely and with compassion.
CONFUCIUS
110
The self therefore is the transmitter of the ancient virtues to the new world
CONFUCIUS
111
I n Chinese philosophy, religious rituals are of great
importance.
The word li originally means sacrifice.
the principle of li is better understood as refined manner of spiritual rituals and sacrifices, and protocols in honoring the ancestors.
Li is both the restraining and the refinement of the self.
CONFUCIUS
112
The self must embody human-heartedness by prioritizing the self-interest of others
CONFUCIUS
