Eastern and Western Concept of the Self Flashcards
Who reported that people are shaped by their culture, and their culture is also shaped by them?
Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, and Nisbett (1988)
Who is the major proponent of cultural psychology?
Richard Shweder
Who saw humans as the bearers of irreplaceable values?
The Ancient Greek Philosophers
He was a philosopher and saint who believed that the body constitutes individuality.
Thomas Aquinas
He outlined four categories on how the term “self” is used in contemporary Western discussion.
Frank Johnson
Enumerate all the 4 categories of self in western contemporary discussion
Analytical
Monotheistic
Individualistic
Materialistic/Rationalistic
This refers to the tendency to see reality as an aggregate of parts
Analytic
This involves the tendency toward unitary explanations of phenomena, and a closed-system view of self. It is modeled after a unitary, omnipotent power
Monotheism
This is a quality of western thinking where self-expression and self-actualization are important
Individualism
This tends to discredit explanations that do not use analytic-deductive modes of thinking
Materialistic/Rationalistic western thinking
These are the earliest religious writings in the East
Vedas
What did the earliest religious writing form?
the Hindu Philosophy and dharma
This is also referred to as the principle of cosmic order
Dharma
This refers to the divine universal consciousness encompassing the universe
Brahman
This religion is composed of the teachings of the Buddha
Buddhism
In this tradition, the self is not an entity, a substance, or essence. Rather it is a dynamic process.
Buddhist Traditions
This is the doctrine that is defined as “no self or no soul”. And it is a concept that the sense of being a permanent, autonomous self is an illusion.
Anatta
This philosophy highlights the quest for the self in terms of substance, of spirit, of body, or of essence does not exist.
Confucianism
This philosophy presented the idea that every person is born with Four beginnings
Confucian Philosophy
Enumerate the 4 beginnings
Jen
Yi
Li
Chih
This beginning means good will, sympathy, politeness, and generosity. It is the heart of compassion
Jen
This beginning means rightness and respect of duty. It is the heart of righteousness.
Yi
This beginning means having the right to practice propriety (doing what is right) in all that you do. It is the heart of propriety
Li
This beginning is expressed by putting all the others into practice. It is the heart of wisdom
Chih
In the Confucian perspective, it is an achieved state of moral excellence rather than a given human condition
Personality
This philosophy rejects a hierarchal view of the self, society, or the cosmos. It regards the self as an extension of the cosmos.
Taoism
He is regarded as a mystic of unmatched brilliance in China. His concept of selfhood entails conscious self-transformation.
Chuang-tzu
This is the Arabic word of Self, which is written in the Holy Qur’an. It pertains to the psyche.
Nafs
In this tradition, the self is used in both the individualistic, and collective sense
Islamic Tradition
