Easter Eggs Flashcards
What is research?
Research is a type of systematic investigation that is empirical in nature and is designed to contribute to public knowledge
What’s a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction
What are the two types of hypothesis?
alternative hypothesis and null hypothesis
What’s the alternate hypothesis
hypothesis that you support
what is the null hypothesis
Describes the remaining possible outcomes
What’s a one-tailed hypothesis
Hypothesis that specifies a direction, which means the null hypothesis auto includes both the no-difference prediction and the predictions that would be opposite of the direction
What’s a two-tailed hypothesis?
A hypothesis that doesn’t specify a direction.
Explain the hypothetico-deductive model
Model in which two mutually exclusive hypotheses that together exhaust all possible outcomes are tested, such that if one hypothesis is accepted, the second must therefore be rejected
In terms of sampling terminology, whats the population?
The group you want to generalize to and the group you sample from is called the population in your study.
What’s the theoretical population?
A group that you would like to sample from and generalize to.
What’s the accessible population?
A group that reflects the theoretical population of interests and that you can get access to when the theoretical population of interest and that you can get access to when sampling.
What’s a sampling frame?
The listing of the accessible population from which you’ll draw your sample is called the sampling frame.
What’s the sample?
The group of people you select to participate in your study.
Explain the normal-curve in sampling
A normal curve distribution is a commong type of distribution where the values of a variable have a bell-shaped histogram or frequency distribution.
Explain the 68, 95, 99 rule in normal dist.
Approximately 68% of the cases occur within one standard deviation on the mean or center, 95% of the cases fall within two standard deviations, and 99% are within three standard deviations.
Define a normal curve:
Type of distribution where the values of a variable have a smoothed histogram or frequency distribution that is shaped like a bell.
What are the 4 types of reliability
- Inter-rater or inter-observer reliability
- Test-retest reliability
- Parallel-forms reliability
- Internal consistency reliability
Explain the Inter-rater or inter-observer reliability
used to assess the degree to which different raters/ observers give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
Explain the test-retest reliability
Used to assess the consistency of an observation from one time to another
Explain the parallel forms reliability
Used to assess the consistency of the results of two tests constructed in the same way from the same content domain
Explain the Internal consistency reliability
Used to assess the consistency of results across items within a test.
Two ways to estimate inter-rater reliability are?
- If your measurement consists of categories, you can calculate the percentage of agreement between raters. Cohen’s Kappa
Define Cohen’s Kappa
A statistical estimate of inter-rater reliability that is more robust than percent agreement because it adjust for the probability that some agreement is due to random chance
If the measure is a continuous one, rather than a categorical one, all you need to do is calculate the correlation between the ratings of the two observers.
