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SLU Madrid EAS 1310 > EAS 1310 Midterm > Flashcards

EAS 1310 Midterm Flashcards

Modules 1-8

1
Q

uses of water

A

70% agriculture, 30% domestic & industrial

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2
Q

what percent of water is freshwater?

A

3%

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3
Q

what percent of water is readily available?

A

1%

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4
Q

freshwater distribution depends on…

A

climate & latitude

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5
Q

what are some pressures on our water?

A

population growth, living standards, urbanization, climate & most disruptive = climate change

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6
Q

what is water sanitation?

A

water quality

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7
Q

what is water stress?

A

water overuse

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8
Q

what other problem is there for water?

A

hydrological cycle is becoming irregular

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9
Q

what was the 1st water management?

A

dawn of agriculture (civilization - 10,000 ya)

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10
Q

why did water management become a problem when civilizations started to settle?

A

overpopulation, overuse, quality

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11
Q

where did civilizations start?

A

river valleys

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12
Q

how was water quality determined for hunters and gatherers?

A

senses, taste, smell

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13
Q

where was the 1st distribution of water?

A

fertile crescent

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14
Q

where was water law founded?

A

hamurabi code

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15
Q

OPEN ENDED QUESTION 1: explain the most important steps in water management

A

1st water management
1st types of canals or distribution
1st types of filtering
1st concepts of cleanliness
1st agriculture engineers

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16
Q

1st water management

A

started w 1st civilizations in fertile crescent & iran (10,000 ya)

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17
Q

1st types of canals or distribution

A

aquaducts, channels, qanats

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18
Q

1st types of filtering

A

sand & charcoal for the Greeks

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19
Q

1st concepts of cleanliness

A

greeks: foundations & romans: baths

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20
Q

1st agriculture engineers

A

chinese & arabs

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21
Q

where was the first water closet?

A

london

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22
Q

what were the first toilets made out of & where?

A

clay & crete

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23
Q

what was the mayans relationship w water?

A

complex - civilization collapsed when there was a drought & they had to abandon it

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24
Q

3 characteristics of water

A

moderates temperature, retains heat, dissolves/transports nutrients

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25
Q

what do people call water?

A

universal solvent

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26
Q

specific heat of water

A

1 cal/g/C

27
Q

colligative properties

A

depend on concentration of ions & salinity of water

28
Q

salinity

A

amount of dissolved solids

29
Q

T or F: water is the only substance that can be found in liquid, solid & gas

A

TRUE

30
Q

surface tension

A

molecules bind, allows for capillary action for water to travel up stems

31
Q

how does capillary action happen?

A

cohesion & adhesion

32
Q

what is the coldest it can be at bottom of any body of water?

A

3.98 deg C

33
Q

hydrological cycle

A

rates of evapo and precip

34
Q

big bang theory

A

theory of relativity & doppler effect - distance between stars is increasing

35
Q

when was the universe formed?

A

15 BYA

36
Q

when was earth formed?

A

4.5 BYA

37
Q

OPEN-ENDED QUESTION 2: where did water come from? and what did it provoke?

A

appeared 3.7 BYA in the 2ndary atmosphere, produced life in the hydrothermal vents of the ocean

38
Q

how many atmospheres are there?

A

3: primordial, secondary (has water), modern

39
Q

what is wind?

A

air from high to low pressure

40
Q

where does energy come from?

A

the sun

41
Q

T OR F? global heat budget & thermal equilibrium

A

FALSE

41
Q

T OR F? the greenhouse effect = natural phenomena

A

TRUE

42
Q

coriolis effect

A

deflection of winds right in north and left in south

43
Q

OPEN-ENDED QUESTION 3: why are there rainforests in the west of the ocean basins and deserts in the east?

A

deserts are in 30 DEG latitude which means HIGH pressure

trade winds blow from east to west (rains in water when they hit)

44
Q

what is precipitation?

A

any water from sky

45
Q

watershed, drainage basins, catchments

A

waters flows in same direction to same point

46
Q

factors that determine watersheds…

A

land use, topography, soil type, size & shape

47
Q

underground water types

A

juvenile (in mantle), meteoric & fossil (sedimentary)

48
Q

which underground water type is readily available?

A

meteoric

49
Q

acquitards vs. acquifiers

A

tard: no groundwater
fiers: groundwater

50
Q

T OR F? Confined aquifer is overused it can produce a sink hole

A

TRUE

51
Q

source of rivers

A

surface, groundwater

52
Q

how are rivers produced?

A

overwash, downcutting, channel formation then river

53
Q

functions of rivers

A

lowers temperature, transports nutrients, reduces floods, increases biodiversity, increases water quality

54
Q

types of rivers

A

straight, braided, anastomosing, meandering

55
Q

longest river

A

nile

56
Q

most abundant river

A

amazon

57
Q

T OR F? All continents have rivers.

A

FALSE

58
Q

do dams have environmental impacts?

A

YES

59
Q

vertical mixing

A

brings nutrients to the surface

60
Q

Eutropication events

A

too many nutrients - fish kills

61
Q

OPEN-ENDED QUESTION 4: why are aquatic environments important to conserve?

A

formed by streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands
different in latitude
they’re diff in diff latitudes
functions of them: areas of recharge into groundwater
impacts: dredging & damning
example of good quality river: Manzanares

62
Q

permaculture

A

create self-sufficient ecosystems by mimicking the patterns and relationships found in nature

SLU Madrid EAS 1310 (1 decks)

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