EAS Flashcards
Behaviorism
People’s behavior is driven by rewards
Positive reinforcement
giving something that you want to enforce good behavior
Negative reinforcement
Taking away something that you do not want to enforce good behavior
Positive punishment
giving something that you do not want
Extinction
if rewards and punishments are withdrawn for a period of time, behavior often stop in a process known as extinction.
Constructivism
People construct knowledge through experience through the world not through a lecture
Social learning
learning through working with others
Zone of Proximal Development
learning from someone who is slightly ahead of you
Project Based Learning ( PBL)
Working together to find solutions to problems
Humanism
People want to learn and grow to their fullest potential
Self Directed Learning
motivating a student to learn with something that their interested in.
• Students do not want to learn about things that they are not interested in
• Grades replaced with self-evaluation
• What they have done and what they can do to still improve
Lifelong learner
wanting to learn well after school
Information Processing
Information from the world around us moves from sensory storage to working memory to long-term memory
EX: reading is sensory ( how words look on the page) > remembers what she just read a second ago > remembering what she read longer than a few seconds (stored to access later)
Cognitive Load
having too much in working memory and not being able to remember anything
• Encourage attention and rehearsal to avoid cognitive load
• Only present a few things at a time
• Chunk material to group information to make it easier to remember
Automaticity
making a task automatic
• Secret to it: through sustained regular practice (word recognition)
Pragmatism
Education should be about life and growth (things that are practical and will help them learn and grow)
Practical learning
education should apply to the real world
Making it applicable to the environment that your students live in
Experiential Learning
discovering knowledge through experience
Progressivism
Education comes from the experience of the child
Student should be an active component to their education
(Progressivism) The Whole Child
Students to be good citizens and good learners
• Learning their home life and who they are.
• Teaching how to be a good person and values, morals, faith, honesty
• The center of gravity is around each child’s needs.
• Teaching to each child’s strengths
Active Learning
contribute to the curriculum through the formation of questions and seeking answers. AKA Scientific Method.
Realism
There is a true reality and things exist whether humans perceive it or not.
Heavy emphasis on math and science
Inquiry ability to formulate a question
Use logical processes in the natural world to find truth
• Taking students outside to a hill and asking them to find the slope
Educational realism
we should study logic critical thinking and scientific method to teach students to perceive and understand reality
Inquiry ability to formulate a question
• Use logical processes in the natural world to find truth
• Taking students outside to a hill and asking them to find the slope
Connectionism
Stimulus vs response
Stimulus is something that caused a reaction
Response is just a reaction to a stimulus
• Learning is about responding to stimuli
Three Laws of connectionism
Law of effect
Law of exercise
Law of readiness
Law of effect
The stimulus and response are connected in someone’s mind
• Stimulus - Response Bond ( the stronger this is, the better someone has learned the lesson)
• EX. Studying = good grade , not studying = bad grade
• The student learns that studying leads to good grades
• Rewarding a student who works hard gets a reward and the ones who don’t work hard don’t get a reward
Law of exercise
• Practice makes perfect
• More you do something, the stronger the S-R bond.
Law of Readiness
• S-R bonds are stronger if an individual is ready to learn
Why students might not be ready to learn ?
• Hungry, tired, distracted
• Take the time to transition the kids to get ready to learn
• Transitions are so important to help them prepare to learn.
Knowing you students - Learner centered classrooms
Students are the focus of all activities and learning with the teacher as the facilitator.
By knowing your students,you can come up with creative ways to get them the information that they need
Family relationships
You can create partnerships so that the student has a better chance to succeed at home as well.
Meeting Student Needs
When developing learning programs please consider
Student needs, student backgrounds, student perspectives, student interests.
Learning objectives
things her students are expected to master
Learner profile
who they are, learning styles
• Different teaching methods
• Small and large group situations
• Varying methods to show their understanding.
Background knowledge what students already know
Schema thoughts students already have about the topic
• Using prior knowledge to help students understand a topic
• Using a goalkeeper of a soccer team to explain parts and wholes of fractions
