Earthquakes/Effect on Earth Layer's

Question 1

Somethings about P-Waves:

Answer 1

Primary waves – aka “P waves”
Force travels upward
Fast Velocity - up to 14km/s
Compression wave
Body Wave
Called Primary Waves

Question 2

Somethings about S-Waves:

Answer 2

Velocity is slower than P-waves - up to 7.2km/s 
Up and down. It’s got a wiggle.
Shear wave
Body Waves
Called Secondary waves

Question 3

Somethings about Q-Waves:

Answer 3

Lower Velocity than P or S, but faster than Rayleigh. ~ 4.5 km/s
Side to side motion
Result of the Interference of many S- Waves
Surface Waves
Called Love Waves

Question 4

Somethings about Rayleigh Waves:

Answer 4

Slowest Moving Wave ~ 3 km/s
Moves in an Elliptical Motion
Generated by the Interaction of P- and S- Waves at the Surface of the Earth
Surface Waves

Question 5

Earthquake

Answer 5

Sudden release of energy due very large pieces of rock moving around and against each other.

Question 6

Epicenter/Focus Roles:

Answer 6

P- and S- Waves are used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake.

The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface closest to the focus, or origin, of the earthquake

Question 7

Seismograph Station

Answer 7

Instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.

Question 8

Seismograms

Answer 8

Record produced by a seismograph

Question 9

Seismograms used to find Epicenter

Answer 9

Arrival time of P-wave minus arrival time of S-wave.

Question 10

Triangulation

Answer 10

Triangulation is used Determine EXACT Location of Epicenter.
Distance information from three seismic stations.
Circles drawn around stations. Radius represents approx distance from seismic station to earthquake.
Intersect of three circles shows
location of earthquake.

Question 11

Changes in Wave Velocity

Answer 11

Waves travel faster as density of medium increases since the molecules are closer together. (Liquid is slower than solid)

Question 12

Name Three Differences and Similarities of P and S Waves

Answer 12

LOOK AT NOTEBOOK OR SLIDESHOW FOR ANSWER

Question 13

Refraction

Answer 13

Refraction occurs when the Density of the Medium Changes

Refraction is when the wave bends

Question 14

High to Low Density

Answer 14

If the wave passes across
a boundary to a lower velocity layer, the
wave will be refracted downward and slow
down.
Direction of Refraction depends on the matter it moves through.

Question 15

Low to High Density

Answer 15

If the wave velocity in the rock below
a boundary increases, the waves will be
refracted upward and speed up relative
to their original path.
Direction of Refraction depends on the matter it moves through.

Question 16

Order of Earth’s Layers

Deeper into the Earth means denser in depth

Answer 16

Crust (&Uppermost mantle make up Lithosphere from silicates)
Lithosphere (Silicate structure)
Asthenosphere (Weaker, plastic-like layer upon layer listed above but has different structure silicates cause of higher pressure)
Upper Mantle
Lower Mantle
Outer Core (Metallic material with oxygen but LIQUID)
Inner Core (Metallic material with oxygen but SOLID)

Question 17

Difference between High Temperature and High Pressures

Answer 17

High temperature - Liquid (Like outer core)

Higher pressure - Solid (Like inner core)