Earthquakes

Question 1

Earthquake

Answer 1

a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action

Question 2

Focus

Answer 2

Where the earthquake starts

Question 3

Epicenter

Answer 3

The point directly above the focus, where the earthquake damages the most

Question 4

Faults

Answer 4

Cracks in the crust

Question 5

Elastic Rebound

Answer 5

The theory on how energy is spread during an earthquake. At the time, the sudden movement that occurs on the fault, causes the rock to snap back to it’s original shape causing ruptures and earthquakes

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 7

Aftershocks

Answer 7

Mini earthquakes that follows the main earthquake. These could be more devastating as they can cause buildings that have already become unstable due to the main earthquake fall

Question 8

Foreshocks

Answer 8

a mild tremor preceding the violent shaking movement of an earthquake

Question 9

Seismographs

Answer 9

an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration

Question 10

Seismograms

Answer 10

a record produced by a seismograph

Question 11

Surface Waves

Answer 11

The last wave of the earthquake. It is much slower but can be more devastating as it mostly moves and sifts the balance of the surface, causing buildings to fall

Question 12

P Waves

Answer 12

The fastest wave that comes first. It moves the ground back anf forth multiple times and can go through anything including gases and liquids

Question 13

S Waves

Answer 13

The second fastest wave. It arrives after the P Wave, and can only travel through solids. It’s a push and pull type wave which can been seen as an up and down wave: ~~~~~~ like this

Question 14

Earthquake Distance

Answer 14

The size or magnitude of earthquakes is determined by measuring the amplitude of the seismic waves recorded on a seismograph and the distance of the seismograph from the earthquake

Question 15

Earthquake Direction

Answer 15

Directivity is an effect of a fault rupturing whereby earthquake ground motion in the direction of rupture propagation is more severe than that in other directions from the earthquake source

Question 16

Earthquake Zones

Answer 16

Where the earthquake activity seems most consistent in

Question 17

Richter Scale

Answer 17

A scale in which is used to measure the magnitude and how devastating an earthquake is

Question 18

Liquefaction

Answer 18

liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. It occurs both naturally and artificially.

Question 19

Tsunami

Answer 19

Fast multiple waves in the ocean that are caused by an earthquake. They move extremely fast, but as they reach the surface, the energy has nowhere to go but up, so the wave becomes bigger and taller, allowing it to do massive amounts of destruction

Question 20

Seismic gap

Answer 20

the part of an active fault that has experienced little or no seismic activity for a long period of time