Earthquakes Flashcards

1
Q

What’s another name for powerful forces?

A

Stresses

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2
Q

What’s a break in the earths crust?

A

Fault

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3
Q

What are vibrations that travel through earths crust carrying energy?

A

Seismic waves

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4
Q

What are caused by movement of rock beneath the earths surface?

A

Earthquake

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5
Q

What are the three types of seismic waves?

A
  1. Primary or P wave
  2. Secondary or S wave
  3. Surface wave
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6
Q

What waves vibrate side to side, up and down and cannot go through liquids?

A

Secondary or S waves

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7
Q

What waves are slower than S & P waves, are at the surface and cause severe damage?

A

Surface waves

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8
Q

Which waves expand and compress earths crust like an accordion?

A

Primary or P waves

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9
Q

What is the point of stress where the rocks break?

A

Focus

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10
Q

What is the point on earths surface directly above the focus on earths surface?

A

Epicenter

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11
Q

How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

A

They use seismic waves

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12
Q

In what order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph ?

A

P waves, S waves and Surface wave

P, S, Surface

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13
Q

Which type of seismic wave produces the most severe ground movements ?

A

Surface waves

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14
Q

What’s the SLOWEST seismic waves that produce the most severe ground movements?

A

Surface waves

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15
Q

What is the point on the surface directly above where an earthquake occurs?

A

Epicenter

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16
Q

What records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the earth ?

A

Seismograph

17
Q

What is the point beneath Earths surface where rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake?

A

Focus

18
Q

What is a measurement of earths strength?

A

Magnitude

19
Q

What is a vibration that travels through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake?

A

A seismic wave

20
Q

What is the rating system that measures the energy released by an earthquake?

A

Moment Magnitude Scale

21
Q

What does the moment the moment magnitude scale measure?

A

An earthquakes total energy

22
Q

What is measured North and South from the equator?

A

Latitude

23
Q

What is measured East and West from the Prime Meridian?

A

Longitude

24
Q

Crust full movement is caused by______________ that build up over time?

A

Powerful forces