Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A2 Physical Geography > Earthquakes > Flashcards

Earthquakes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Is it possible to predict earthquakes?

A

Where they might happen but not when

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the one method of predicting earthquakes?

A

Earthquake Storms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an earthquake storm?

A

A pattern of cyclic earthquake behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How were earthquake storms discovered?

A

Studies of the San Andreas Fault by the USGS discovered a pattern of earthquakes in Parkfield, California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What equipment was used to discover Earthquake Storms?

A

Seismometers
GPS
Creep Meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How was the theory of Earthquake Storms confirmed?

A

Using computer modelling, the USGS saw behaviour along the North Anatolian fault and predicted an earthquake in Izmit, Turkey. In 1999, there was an earthquake in Izmit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the next earthquake predicted along the North Anatolian Fault?

A

Istanbul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why would an earthquake in Istanbul be devastating?

A

It is home to 14 million people?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many people died in Izmit?

A

17,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did so many people die in Izmit?

A

Because the prediction was ignored since the prediction did not say when

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was the Japan Tsunami?

A

2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two plates does Japan lie near?

A

The Pacific and Eurasian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the cause of the Japan Tsunami?

A

Distortion had built up in the Eurasian plate because it had subsided and the stick built up over 200 years. When it was released energy was released upwards causing the plate to go upwards forcing 6km deep water to form a swell towards Japan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What magnitude was the Japan Earthquake?

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the response to the Japan Tsunami in Fukushima?

A

There was an auto shut down of the nuclear reactors but they were still hot and there were multiple reactor meltdowns?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is at Fukushima?

A

6 Nuclear Reactors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why was Fukushima vulnerable to an earthquake?

A

Needs a colossal water supply so next to sea

18
Q

What happened at Miyako in 2011?

A

The defences put in place failed

19
Q

What defences failed at Miyako?

A

a) The 10m high sea walls failed because the shoreline subsided making them much lower
b) The regular tsunami drills did not matter because the walls were breached

20
Q

What significant economic damage occurred at Miyako?

A

Only about 30-60 boats survived from the town’s 960 ship fishing fleet

21
Q

What damage occurred in Tokyo as a result of the 2011 tectonic activity?

A

The train systems were paralysed and a 6.2 aftershock cracked the ground

22
Q

Was all the effects of the 2011 tsunami exclusive to Japan?

A

No, other places nearby such as Hawaii was hit within 6 hours

23
Q

Why were the effects in Hawaii less than in Japan?

A

Because they had 6 hours to prepare and the wave was only 1m

24
Q

How important is Search and Rescue?

A

It is not important unless used immediately since otherwise it can be ineffective

25
Q

How important is aid?

A

Very important but is not a priority

26
Q

How important is Security in the even of an earth hazard?

A

It is the biggest priority for a country because otherwise aid cannot be used effectively

27
Q

What were the social consequences of the Haiti Earthquake?

A

Loss of family members
Injuries
Home and possessions lost

28
Q

What were the economic consequences of the Haiti Earthquake?

A

Loss of job/livelihood
Loss of wage-earner in family
Cost of house repairs

29
Q

What were the environmental consequences of the Haiti Earthquake?

A

Destruction of the environment

Water pollution

30
Q

What were short term responses to the Haiti Earthquake?

A

Search and rescue efforts

Distributing medical aid

31
Q

What were the long term responses to the Haiti Earthquake?

A

Rehousing people

Making sure the region is secure and there is no unrest

32
Q

What was the cause of the Haiti Earthquake?

A

The stress built up along the N. American Plate and the Caribbean plate and was released by a sudden slippage.

33
Q

Why was the the effects of the Haiti earthquake worse than say in Christchurch?

A

Haiti as a LEDC had not invested/could not afford in earthquake protection while in Christchurch they were able to afford to invest and quickly respond

34
Q

What are the three strands of short term responses to earthquakes?

A

Rescuing
Relief
Security

35
Q

What are long term management strategies for hazards?

A

Preparation

Prediction

36
Q

What are are ways to prepare for hazards?

A

Hazard mapping
Building regulations
Education
Training

37
Q

Who first proposed the earthquake storm theory?

A

Ross Stein

38
Q

Where did the Turkish ‘storm’ begin?

A

Erzican (1939)

39
Q

How much would an earthquake in Istanbul potentially cost?

A

$11 Billion

40
Q

What has been introduced in Istanbul as a response to its vulnerability?

A

The Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul (EMPI)

41
Q

What does EMPI set out?

A

Preventative measures against potential earthquakes but also sets out a planned response to a potential earthquake, to reduce the after effects

42
Q

Name the preventative measures set out by EMPI

A

Inspections by independent regulators for all new buildings
Compulsory earthquake insurance
Older buildings to be retrofitted
Improve emergency facilities

A2 Physical Geography (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions