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Juliet Science 5th grade > Earthquakes > Flashcards

Earthquakes Flashcards

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1
Q

Are earthquakes common in Taiwan and surrounding countries?

A

yes

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2
Q

Why is it important to know where earthquakes are more likely to occur?

A

you need to know how to prepare

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3
Q

what are some hazards associated with the collapse of a building from an earthquake?

A

power lines down, electrical dangers, collapsed buildings

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4
Q

The movement of the Earth’s plates can create strong ___ that slowly ____ and _____ many rocks

A

forces, bend and fold

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5
Q

All rocks will ____.

A

break

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6
Q

Stress adds ____ to the rock in which this energy is ____ until it is released.

A

energy; stored

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7
Q

When the rock changes _______ or breaks is when the stored energy is released.

A

shape

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8
Q

What happens at places where rock is under stress and breaks?

A

energy is released and an earthquake is formed

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9
Q

what are 3 ways that force can cause stress in rocks?

A

tension, compression, shearing

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10
Q

how do forces acting on rock cause tension?

A

by pulling away from each other

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11
Q

how do forces acting on a rock cause compression?

A

by pushing toward each other.

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12
Q

how do forces acting on a rock cause shearing?

A

by pushing 2 masses of rock in opposite direction

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13
Q

what is a fault?

A

break in the crust

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14
Q

where do most faults occur?

A

at plate boundaries

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15
Q

when enough stress builds up in the rock, the rock _____, creating a _____.

A

breaks, fault

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16
Q

what are three types of faults?

A

normal, reverse, strike-slip

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17
Q

what kind of stress causes a normal fault?

A

tension

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18
Q

what kind of stress causes a reverse fault?

A

compression

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19
Q

what kind of stress causes a strike-slip fault?

A

shearing

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20
Q

Normal Fault: type of stress and plate movement

A

tension, divergent

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21
Q

Reverse Fault: type of stress and plate movement

A

compression, convergent

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22
Q

Strike Slip Fault: type of stress and plate movement

A

shearing, transform

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23
Q

how can earth’s crust be changed over time

A

it can be stretched, folded, or uplifted by plate movements

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24
Q

folds are ____ in rock that form ______ earth’s crust.

A

bends; when compression shortens and thickens the

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25
Q

what kind of stress causes folding of the crust?

A

compression

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26
Q

what are 3 mountain ranges formed by folding?

A

appalachian, himalayans, alps

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27
Q

2 types of folds are ___ and ____

A

syncline and anticline

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28
Q

a fold in a rock that bends _____ into an arch is an _____.

A

upward, anticline

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29
Q

a fold in a rock that bends ___ to form a V shape is a _____.

A

downward, syncline

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30
Q

how are folded mountains formed?

A

the collision of 2 plates can cause compression and folding of the crust over a wide area

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31
Q

the forces that raise mountains can also ___ or raise ____

A

uplift, plateau

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32
Q

some plateaus form when:

A

forces in Earth’s crust push up a large, flat block of rock

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33
Q

give a location of a plateau

A

4 corners region of Arizona Utah Colorado and New Mexico

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34
Q

Earthquakes are detected _____.

A

daily

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35
Q

some earthquakes are too ____ to notice while big earthquakes can _____, ____, and cause great damage.

A

small, crack open the ground, shift mountains

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36
Q

the ______ cause earthquakes

A

force of plate movements

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37
Q

plate movements produce ____ in Earth’s crust, adding ____ to rock and forming faults.

A

stress

energy

38
Q

______ increases along a _____ until the rock slips or breaks, causing an ______

A

Stress
Fault
earthquake

39
Q

when an earthquake occurs, a great amount of ____ is _____.

A

energy

released

40
Q

When an earthquake occurs, a great amount of energy is released. This energy comes in the form of ________

A

seismic waves

41
Q

The ___ or ___ of the _____ depends on the material it passes through

A

speed or path

wave

42
Q

What does energy in an earthquake wave come from ?

A

seismic waves

43
Q

what releases the energy ?

A

the breaking or slipping of rock

44
Q

the ____ is the area within the Earth where rocks that are under stress begins to move resulting in an earthquake.

A

focus

45
Q

the point above the focus located on the ___ of the earth is called an _____

A

surface

epicenter

46
Q

most earthquakes begin in which layer of the earth?

A

lithosphere

47
Q

____ carry energy from the earthquake’s _____

A

Seismic waves

focus

48
Q 
P wave
speed:
originated from:
how they travel:
materials traveled through:
A

first to arrive/fastest
focus (underground)
compress and expand
solids, liquids, gases

49
Q 
S wave:
speed:
originated from:
how they travel:
materials traveled through:
A

second to arrive after P waves
focus (underground)
side to side
solids

50
Q 
Surface waves:
speed:
originated from:
how they travel:
materials traveled through:
A

moves slowly
above ground when P or S waves come to the surface
ground rolls like ocean waves
solids, liquids, and gases

51
Q

name the most destructive wave and why is it the most destructive?

A

surface waves because it is above ground and is the slowest wave. Being slow creates more destruction.

52
Q

Earthquakes are waves of ____ that travel through and on the surface of the Earth.

A

energy

53
Q

What does a seismograph measure?

A

seismic waves

54
Q

Modified Mercali Scale is rated by:

A

observing the amount of damage done by the shaking of an earthquake. No use of instruments.

55
Q

Richter Scale (magnitude scale) is rated by:

A

seismographs are used to determine the size of the earthquake’s wave

56
Q

Moment Magnitude scale (magnitude scale) is rated by:

A

total energy an earthquake releases

57
Q

what does the Modified Mercali scale indicate?

A

the amount of damage done by an earthquake

58
Q

which scale measure the amount of energy released by an earthquake?

A

moment magnitude scale

59
Q

on which scale would an earthquake’s strength vary from one place to another? Why?

A

the Modified Mercali scale because the amount of shaking that people feel and the amount of damage very from place to place

60
Q

seismographs record information on a

A

seismogram

61
Q

the seismogram is a pattern of lines which records an earthquake. the lines on the paper mark time. why is this important to know the time of the vibration?

A

scientists need to know the time difference between the arrival of P and S waves.

62
Q

what does the height of the lines represent?

A

the higher the line, the stronger the earthquake.

63
Q

what is an aftershock?

A

smaller earthquakes that occurs after the larger earthquake

64
Q

where to most earthquakes occur?

A

at plate boundaries

65
Q

What region of the US has had the most earthquakes?

A

western US

66
Q

where would you expect an earthquake to occur in the US? Why?

A

California because there are many faults located in California.

67
Q

List 6 places from around the world that have had many earthquakes

A

Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand, Mexico, Alaska, California

68
Q

What do all these earthquakes have in common?

A

they are at edges of plates

69
Q

list 4 places that have not had many earthquakes. why?

A

Brazil, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Western Africa. They are not near edges of plates.

70
Q

What is the Ring Of Fire?

A

A plate composed of the Pacific Ocean that has boundaries with many other plates. Plate boundaries form a ring around the Pacific Ocean.

71
Q

a force that acts on rock to change the shape or volume

A

stress

72
Q

stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

A

tension

73
Q

stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

A

compression

74
Q

stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement

A

shearing

75
Q

a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward, caused by tension in the crust

A

normal fault

76
Q

a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust

A

reverse fault

77
Q

a type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down movement

A

strike slip fault

78
Q

a large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface

A

plateau

79
Q

the shaking that results from the movement of rom beneath Earth’s surface

A

earthquake

80
Q

the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock first breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

A

focus

81
Q

the type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground

A

p wave

82
Q

a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave

A

s wave

83
Q

a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth’s surface

A

surface wave

84
Q

a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth

A

seismograph

85
Q

a scale that rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake

A

modified mercali scale

86
Q

the measurement of an earthquake’s strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults

A

magnitude

87
Q

a scale that rates an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves

A

richter scale

88
Q

a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by the earthquake

A

moment magnitude scale

89
Q

the record of an earthquake’s seismic waves produced by a seismograph

A

seismogram

90
Q

smaller earthquakes that occur after a larger earthquake

A

aftershock

91
Q

a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

A

plateau

92
Q

A flat layered block of rock lies somewhere in earth’s crust. Forces in the crust life a large area upward. Once the rock is lifted, what occurs?

A

Weathering and erosion changes the edges of the landform. You can see loose rock around the base of the plateau (evidence of rock slides)

Juliet Science 5th grade (1 decks)

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