Earthquakes Flashcards
What type of fault and stress are at a transform boundary?
strike slip, shearing
What layer of Earth do all earthquakes occur?
lithosphere
What is a break in Earth’s lithosphere, along which blocks of rock move past each other?
fault
What is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of stress along a fault?
earthquake
What is the force exerted when an object presses on, pulls on, or pushes against another object?
stress
What type of fault and stress are at a divergent boundary?
normal, tension
What determines the strength of an earthquake?
amount of stress and distance rocks move
What type of fault and stress are at a convergent boundary?
reverse, compression
What is a bending of a wave from medium to medium?
refraction
What is the point IN Earth where the earthquake starts?
focus
What type of wave can travel through all layers of the Earth?
Primary waves (P-waves)
What type of boundaries could have deeper earthquakes?
convergent
What is a bouncing of a wave off an object?
reflection
What type of wave does the most damage to Earth’s surface?
surface waves
What is the point ON Earth where the earthquake starts?
epicenter
What type of wave cannot travel through the outer core?
secondary wave
What is a bending of a wave around an obstacle?
diffraction
What type of seismic wave is the fastest?
Primary wave (P-wave)
How many seismic stations are needed to find the location of the epicenter?
three
What is an instrument used to record earthquakes?
seismograph
What do waves carry from place to place?
energy
What type of wave do particles run parallel to the direction of the wave?
longitudinal wave
What is the difference in arrival time of the P-wave and the S-wave?
lag time
What allows waves to move in all directions away from the focus?
vibrations
What type of wave do particles run perpendicular to the direction of the wave?
transverse wave
What are movements of soil and rocks down a hill or mountain?
landslides
Why is a seismic gap dangerous?
stress builds up and there could be a massive earthquake
What are tidal waves which are triggered by an earthquake?
tsunami
What is an area of many earthquakes followed by few or no earthquakes?
seismic gap
What is the process in which shaking of the ground causes soil to act like a liquid?
liquefaction
What is a smaller earthquake that follows a powerful one in the same area?
aftershock
