earthquakes Flashcards

1
Q

ring of fire

A

a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strike-slip fault

A

vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal fault

A

inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reverse fault

A

the block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

P-waves

A

the fastest seismic waves and can move through solid, liquid, or gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S-waves

A

transverse waves that travel slower than P-waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epicenter

A

the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

focus

A

the center of interest or activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Richter magnitude scale

A

each one-point increase on the scale represents a 10-fold increase in the magnitude of the quake.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explosive volcano

A

depends on the composition of the magma (molten rock) and how readily gas can escape from it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nonexplosive volcano

A

appears to result from rapid, sub-surface gas release from magma ascending as a permeable foam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Krakatoa

A

one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Yellowstone supervolcano

A

is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

San Andreas fault

A

is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mid-oceanic ridge

A

a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

shield volcano

A

Where a volcano produces low viscosity, runny lava, it spreads far from the source and forms a volcano with gentle slopes.

17
Q

cinder cone volcano

A

the simplest type of volcano.

18
Q

composite volcano

A

is a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava and tephra.

19
Q

hot spot

A

an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma.

20
Q

Mt. Vesuvius

A

is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about 9 km east of Naples and a short distance from the shore.