earthquake/volcano vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

fault

A

a break in the continuity of a body of rock or of a vein, with dislocation along the plane of the fracture

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2
Q

ring of fire

A

an area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

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3
Q

transform / strike-slip

A

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4
Q

divergent / normal

A

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5
Q

convergent / reverse

A

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6
Q

P-waves

A

A earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.

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7
Q

S-waves

A

a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving

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8
Q

epicenter

A

the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

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9
Q

focus

A

the point of origin of an earthquake.

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10
Q

Richter scale

A

a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations

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11
Q

explosive volcano

A

a volcanic term to describe a violent, explosive type of eruption

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12
Q

nonexplosive volcano

A

tending to explode

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13
Q

Krakatoa

A

a volcano and small island in Indonesia, between Java and Sumatra: violent eruption 1883.

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14
Q

Yellowstone supervolcano

A

the volcanic caldera and supervolcano located in Yellowstone National Park in the United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano

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15
Q

San Andreas fault

A

a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1300 km through California.

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16
Q

Mid-oceanic ridge

A

an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics.

17
Q

shield volcano

A

a broad, domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava.

18
Q

cinder cone volcano

A

A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.

19
Q

composite volcano

A

a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.

20
Q

hot spot

A

a small area or region with a relatively hot temperature in comparison to its surroundings.