Earthquake Hazards Flashcards
Internal earth processes of tectonic origin, and external processes such as mass movements
Geologic Hazards
Two types of Surface waves
Reyleigh
Love
Two types of Body waves
P Waves
S Waves
Named after John William Strut and Lord Reyleigh
Reyleigh Waves
Movement is through rolling up the ground like ocean waves
Reyleigh Waves
Ground tends to move up and down, side to side
Reyleigh Waves
Named after Augusus Edward Hough Love
Love Waves
Faster but can only be felt in the crust
Love Waves
Horizontally shakes the ground
Love Waves
Fastest Seismic waves
P Waves
Compressional wave because it pulls and pushes rocks
P waves
Can pass through other states of matter
P Waves
Slower than P waves
S Waves
Only passes through solids
S Waves
Ground shaking caused by Slip, Volcanic, or Magmatic Activity
Earthquake
Point on the ground above the focus
Epicenter
Weak point in the tectonic plate where pressure within the crust is released
Fault
Where the earthquake begins
Focus
Lower block
footwall
Upper block
hanging wall or headwall
Involves downward movement on a sloping fault as the fault’s two sides move apart
Dip-Slip fault
Rocks above the fault plane move downward in relation to those beneath the fault plane
Normal DSF
Hanging wall moved up and over the footwall they are low angled reverse faults and dip at angles less the 45 degress
Reverse DSF
Strike slips are high angle faults
Strike-slip fault
Combination of both dip slip and strike-slip motion
Oblique slip fault
Involves downward movement, two faults’ sides move apart
Dip-slip fault
Two blocks slide past one another
Strike-slip fault
Measure of energy released by an earthquake
Magnitude
Actual recorded effects of the earthquake, uses the Mercalli scale
Intensity
