Earthquake examples Flashcards
Indian Ocean earthquake Date, Mw, Time, Duration and Focus
2004 December, 9.1Mw, 7:58 am, 10 mins, 30 km deep
Indian Ocean damage
More than 220 000 fatalities across 14 countries with 167500 deaths in Indonesia.
Indian Ocean exposure
Epicentre was about 250 km from Banda Aceh city with 264 000 population
Indian Ocean vulnerabilities
No tsunami monitoring and warning system in the Indian Ocean.
Indian Ocean preparedness
ill prepared, many went to see the exposed sea floor when the waves rescinded.
Tohoku earthquake Date, Mw, Time, Duration and Focus
2011 March, 9.0Mw, 2:46 pm, 6 mins, 29km
Tohoku damage
More than 150 000 fatalities, 500 000 displaced
Tohoku exposure
Epicentre of 130 km to Sendai city with 2 million population
Tohoku vulnerabilities
Underestimation of magnitude and height of tsunami waves, nuclear disaster and Liquefaction in Urayasu
Tohoku preparedness
Annual drills conducted but not Mw 9.0. Nearly 3000 students saved as they evacuated to higher grounds when earthquake hit, saving them from the tsunami
Sulawesi earthquake Date, Mw, Time and Focus
2018 September, 7.5 Mw, 6 pm, 20 km
Sulawesi damage
More than 4300 fatalities, 68 000 homes destroyed, 22 000 displaced. More than 1700 houses in Balaroa and Peoto neighborhoods sunk due to liquefaction.
Sulawesi exposure
Epicentre was 70 km from Palu city with 379 000 population. Palu is on a fault line. Narrow shape of bay intensified the energy of the tsunami.
Sulawesi vulnerabilities
Poor building design and construction. Loose saturated soil triggered liquefaction. Tsunami monitoring buoys were not operational.
Sulawesi preparedness
ill prepared, tsunami monitoring buoys were stolen or vandalised, not maintained.
