earthquake epicenter Flashcards

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1
Q

are distinctive for their extremely rapid onset and tend to have impact covering large areas.

A

geological process

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2
Q

is an extreme natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a treat to life and property.

A

geological hazard

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3
Q

The crust is subjected to different types of

A

stress

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4
Q

is caused by the movement of massive, irregularly shaped slabs of rock (called tectonic plates) along plate boundaries.

A

stress

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5
Q

are regions where tectonic plates move and interact.

A

plate boundaries

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6
Q

is a planar fracture between two massive blocks of rock.

A

fault

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7
Q

The blocked located above an inclined fault plane is called a

A

hanging wall

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7
Q

is the planar flat surface of a fault across which a slip occur.

A

fault plane

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8
Q

looks like a step on Earth’s surface that is caused by a slip on the fault.

A

fault scarf

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8
Q

is the surface of a fault fracture along which the rocks have been displaced.

A

fault line

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8
Q

the block located below it is called a

A

foot wall

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9
Q

are classified according to their motion and the relative position of their fault plane

A

faults

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10
Q

form because of horizontal compressional stress, which squeezes or forces rocks together, the blocks of rocks on opposite sides of the fault move laterally (either to the left or right) This process usually occurs along transform plate boundaries

A

strike-slip faults

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11
Q

occur because of tensional stress, which forces rocks apart.This process usually occurs along divergent plate boundaries,

A

normal faults

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12
Q

form as a result of horizontal compressional stress. They are also associated with convergent plate boundaries. the hanging wall moves upward and over the footwall.

A

reverse faults or thrust faults

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13
Q

fault is considered _____ if it has moved repeatedly in the past and is likely to move again.

A

active

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14
Q

may offset or cut through entire sedimentary rock layers, This deformation of rock layers indicates continuous activity along faults.

A

active faults

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15
Q

fault is considered ____ if it has shown no signs of moving and generating earthquakes for the last hundreds of millions of years.

A

inactive

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16
Q

are confined within older sedimentary rock layers.

A

inactive faults

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17
Q

is a sudden weak or violent shaking of Earth’s surface as a result of volcanic activities or movement of tectonic plates.

A

earthquake

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18
Q

can cause massive destruction on Earth’s surface, including infrastructural damages, landslides, flashfloods, tsunamis, and soil liquefaction

A

earthquake

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19
Q

is the actual location at which the energy stored in rocks is released during an earthquake,

A

focus

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20
Q

is the point on the surface that is directly above the focus.

A

epicenter

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21
Q

The point of origin of an earthquake is called the

A

focus (plural foci or hypocenter)

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21
Q

originate at depths of less than 70 km below Earth’s surface.

A

shallow focus earthquake

22
Q

on the other hand, originate between 70 km - 300 km beneath Earth’s surface.

A

intermediate focus earthquake

23
Q

Earthquakes that originate between 300 km - 700 km below Earth’s surface are classified as

A

deep focus earthquake

24
Q

The epicenter of an earthquake can be located using the _____, which requires studying data from at least three seismograph stations

A

triangulation method

25
Q

of an earthquake is the measure of the extent of damage that is cause to Earth’s surface, including to infrastructure and life.

A

intensity

26
Q

philvocs

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

27
Q

s the measurement of the amount of energy released in rocks during an earthquake.

A

magnitude

28
Q

an American seismologist and physicist, devised an instrument to help measure and describe the magnitude.

A

Charles f. richter

29
Q

This instrument is known as ____, which is based on the amplitude of seismic waves.

A

Richter magnitude scale

30
Q

is a series of large ocean waves with extremely long wavelengths. ___ are often caused by shallow- focus earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean floor.

A

Tsunami

30
Q

are water waves or seismic sea waves caused by large scale sudden movement of the sea floor, due usually to earthquakes and on rare occasions to landslides, volcanic eruptions, or man-made explosions.

A

tsunami

31
Q

Tsunami have an average speed of _____ but can be as much as 900 km/h.

A

200 km/h

32
Q

are waves of energy that are released in all directions from its source during an earthquake.

A

seismic waves

33
Q

There are two types of seismic waves:

A

Body wave and surface waves

33
Q

is group of stations that work together to collect and analyze seismic data. This technology helps authorities to respond quickly to emergencies during an earthquake.remote seismographs send information to a central computer, which determines the earthquake’s epicenter and magnitude. Within

A

seismographic network

34
Q

is the recording of the ground shaking at the specific location of the instrument.

A

seismogram

35
Q

long wiggly lines indicate large earthquakes, whereas short wiggly lines indicate small earthquakes.

A

seismogram

36
Q

An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.

A

seismograph

37
Q

Emergency agencies such as the Philippines’s National Disaster Coordinating Council rely on radio technology to protect rescue workers from dangerous earthquakes or aftershocks.

A

radio technology

38
Q

are where stress builds up.

A

seismic gap

39
Q

In response to the Occurrence of devastating tsunamis,,…………… was established to monitor seismic and tidal stations throughout the Pacific Ocean.

A

tsunami warning system

40
Q

-Perceptible to people only under favorable circumstances
-Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly
- Still water in containers oscillate slowly

A

scarcely perceptible

41
Q

-Felt by few individuals at rest indoors
-Hanging objects swing slightly
- Still water in containers oscillates noticeably

A

slightly felt

42
Q

-Felt by many people indoors especially in upper floors of buildings
-Vibration is felt like the passing of a light truck
- Dizziness and nausea are experienced by some people
-Hanging object swing moderately
-Still water in container oscillate moderately

A

weak

43
Q
  • Felt generally by people indoors and by some
    people outdoors
    -Vibration is felt like the passing of a heavy truck
    -Hanging objects swing considerably
    -Dinner plates, glasses, windows, and doors rattle
    -Standing motor cars may rock slightly
  • Water in containers oscillate strongly
  • Rumbling sound may sometimes be heard
A

moderately strong

44
Q

-Generally felt by most people indoors and outdoors
-Many sleeping people are awakened
-Strong shaking and rocking felt throughout any building
-Hanging objects swing violently
- Dining utensils clatter and clink .
-Some are broken Small, light, unstable objects may fall or overturn

A

strong

45
Q

Many people are frightened many run outdoors
-Some people lose their balance
-Motorists feel like driving with flat tires
-Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted Small church bells may ring
-Limited rock falls and rolling boulders occur in hilly to mountainous areas and escarpments

A

very strong

46
Q

-People find it difficult to stand in upper floors
-Heavy objects and furniture overturn
-Big church bells may ring
-Old or poorly built structures suffer considerable damage
-lateral spreading and landslides are observed
-Trees are shaken strongly

A

destructive

47
Q

-Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged
-Concrete dikes and foundation of bridges are destroyed by ground settling or toppling
-Railway tracks are bent or broken
-Water and sewer pipes may be bent, twisted or broken
Numerous landslides and rockfails occur in mountainous and hilly areas

A

very destructive

48
Q

-People are Forcibly thrown to the ground
-Many Buildings are totally damaged
-Numerous utility posts, towers, and monument are tilted or broken

A

devastating

49
Q

-Practically all man-made structures are destroyed
-Massive landslides and liquefaction Large-scale subsidence and uplifting of landforms
-Changes in river courses and destructive in large lakes occur
Many trees are toppled, broken and uprooted

A

completely devastating

50
Q

-A pre-arranged signals such as siren/ bell. Siren and bell indicates earthquake / shaking of the ground.

A

phase 1 alarm

51
Q

While the siren and bell ongoing everyone should move away from windows, glass or light fixture. In this phase everyone should perform the “Duck, Cover and Hold” under desk, table or chairs.

A

phase 2 response

52
Q

-Aonce the shaking stops, teacher and students should evacuate the school building and proceed to identified evacuation area.

A

phase 3 evacuation

53
Q

At the designated evacuation area, students must be group according to the class where they belong

A

phase 4 assemble

54
Q

-Teachers should check and make sure all students are accounted for.

A

phase 5 head counts

55
Q

of the drill must be conducted to identify problems encounted during the drill.

A

of the drill must be conducted to identify problems encounted during the drill.