earthquake Flashcards
also known as quake
earthquake
ALSO KNOWN AS A QUAKE TREMOR, OR TEMBLOR, IS THE PERCEPTIBLE SHAKING OF THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH,
earthquake
STRESS INSIDE EARTH IMPLIES PRESSURE DEVELOPED
STRAIN IMPLIES THE DEFORMATION OCCURRED IN THE WORK
ROCKS CAN TAKE 1-2% OF
ELASTIC REBOUND THEORY
AMERICAN GEOPHYSICIST
HARRY FIELDING REID
➤ HYPO MEANS UNDER OR BENEATH
SPOTS WHERE THE BREAKS OCCUR
➤ ORIGIN OR THE CENTER OF THE EARTHQUAKE
LOCATED UNDERGROUND
FOCUS OR HYPOCENTER
➤ EPI MEANS SURFACE
EPICENTER
DIRECTLY ABOVE THE FOCUS OF AN EATHQUAKE
➤ WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE VIBRATIONS REACH FIRST
➤ MOST VIOLENT SHAKING OCCURS HERE
epicenter
-ENERGY THAT IS RELEASED IN AN EARTHQUAKE
SEISMIC WAVES
EARLY WARNING SIGNS
-USED TO MEASURED MOVEMENTS IN EARTH’S SURFACE
SEISMOGRAPH
WAS A BRITISH GEOLOGIST AND ENGINEER INVENTED A SIMPLE HORIZONTAL PENDELUM SEISMOGRAPH A MACHINE THAT RECORDS VIBRATIONS
working with EWING AND GRAY IN 1880. JOHN MILNE
EARLIEST SEISMOSCOPE WAS INVENTED BY THE CHINESE PHILOSOPHER
CHANG HENG IN A.D. 132
GROUND- MOTION DETECTION SENSOR
SEISMOMETER
-RECORD PRODUCED BY A SEISMOGRAPH ON A DISPLAY SCREEN OR PAPER PRINTOUT
SEISMOGRAM
TWO TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES
body Wave and love wave
TRAVEL THROUGH THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
BODY WAVES-
➤ -ALSO CALLED COMPRESSIONAL WAVES/ FASTER THAN OTHER SEISMIC WAVES/TRAVEL THROUGH BOTH SOLID AND LIQUIDS
PRIMARY WAVES OR P WAVES
CANNOT PASS THOUGH FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS/ WAVES THAT SHAKES THE GROUND BACK AND FORTH/ SLOWER THAN P-WAVE FASTER THAN SURFACE WAVES/ TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS
SECONDAY WAVES ORS- WAVES
-MADE HER DISCOVERY WHILE STUDYING A TYPE OF SEISMC WAVE CALLED P-WAVES
INGE LEHMANN
. TRAVEL AT THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
SURFACE WAVES
(AEH LOVE)SHAKE AT THE GROUND SIDE TO SIDE
➤ AUGUSTUS EDWARD HOUGH LOVE PREDICTED THE EXISTENCE OF LOVEWAVES MATEMATICALLY IN 1911/ TRAVEL WITH THE SLOWER VELOCITY
.
LOVE WAVES-
(JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT.KNOWN AS LORD RAYLEIGH IN 1885)SHAKE AT THE GROUND UP AND DOWN
RAYLEIGH WAVES
EFFECTS AND DAMAGED DONE BY THE EARTHQUAKE
INTENSITY
ENERGY RELEASED MY THE EARTHQUAKE
MAGNITUDE
USED TO MEASURE THE MAGNITUDE OF AN EARTHQUAKE
SEISMOGRAPH
SCALE FOR THE MAGNITUDE OF AN EARTHQUAKE
RICHTER SCALE
- SCALE FOR THE INTENSITY OF AN EARTHQUAKE
MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE
CO INVENTED THE IDEA OF THE RICHTER MAGNITUDE SCALE FOR EARTHQUAKES WITH BENO GUTENBERG
CHARLES FRANCIS RICHTER-
• MAP THAT HIGHLIGHTS AREAS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY OR ARE VULNERABLE TO A PARTICULAR HAZARD
HAZARD MAP
-EEARTHQUAKE IS A TYPE OF HAZARD THAT DEPENDS ON THE STRENGTH OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY
POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARD
-THE EARTH SHAKES WITH THE PASSAGE OF EARTHQUAKE WAVES
GROUND SHAKING OR GROUND MOTION
IS AN OFFSET OF THE GROUND SURFACE
GROUND OR SURFACE RUPTURE
IS REDUCED BY EARTHQUAKE SHAKING
LIQUEFACTION STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS OF A SOIL
-INDUCED GROUND SUBSIDENCE AND LATERAL SPREADING-DUE TO DOWNWARD VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS
earthquake
-A LSO KNOWN AS A SEISMIC SEA WAVE
TSUNAMI
INDUCED LANDSLIDES/LANDSLIDE- TRIGGERED BY STRONG GROUND MOTIONS
EARTHQUAKE-
