earthquake

Question 1

ring of fire

Answer 1

is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt about 40,000 km long and up to about 500 km wide.

Question 2

Strike-slip fault

Answer 2

fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.

Question 3

Normal fault

Answer 3

inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically.

Question 4

Reverse fault

Answer 4

exactly the opposite of normal faults.

Question 5

P-waves

Answer 5

is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology.

Question 6

S-waves

Answer 6

seismic waves produced by an earthquake.

Question 7

epicenter

Answer 7

the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 8

focus

Answer 8

a point at which rays of light, heat, or other radiation meet after being refracted or reflected.

Question 9

Richter magnitude scale

Answer 9

assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

Question 10

explosive volcano

Answer 10

a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.

Question 11

nonexplosive volcano

Answer 11

most common type of volcanic eruptions.

Question 12

Krakatoa

Answer 12

also transcribed Krakatau, is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group comprising four islands.

Question 13

Yellowstone supervolcano

Answer 13

sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano, is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States. The caldera and most of the park are located in the northwest corner of Wyoming.

Question 14

San Andreas fault

Answer 14

is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip.

Question 15

Mid-oceanic ridge

Answer 15

a continuous range of undersea volcanic mountains that encircles the globe almost entirely underwater.

Question 16

shield volcano

Answer 16

the largest volcanoes on Earth that actually look like volcanoes

Question 17

cinder cone volcano

Answer 17

also known as pyroclastic cones, are the smallest and the simplest type of volcano. They are the world’s most common volcanic landform

Question 18

composite volcano

Answer 18

also called stratovolcanoes, are cone-shaped volcanoes built from many layers of lava, pumice, ash, and tephra.

Question 19

hot spot

Answer 19

an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma.

Question 20

Mt. Vesuvius

Answer 20

is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about 9 km east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc.