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6th Grade Science > Earth Systems > Flashcards

Earth Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Crust

A

the outer most layer of the earth; the thinnest/least dense layer; made of rock

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2
Q

Inner Core

A

innermost layer of earth; densest layer; solid iron/nickel

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3
Q

Continental Crust

A

thicker but less dense than the oceanic crust; located in crust layer of the earth

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4
Q

Mantle

A

the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core; the convective layer of Earth; thickest layer; molten rock

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5
Q

Magnetic Field

A

caused by the rotation of Earth as the outer core circulates around the inner core

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6
Q

Atmosphere

A

a relatively thin layer of gas surrounding the entire planet

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7
Q

Outer Core

A

layer of earth between mantle and inner core molten metal; liquid iron and nickel; denser than the crust and mantle but not as dense as the inner core

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8
Q

Dynamo Effect

A

the creation of a magnetic field as the liquid outer core circulates around the solid inner core

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9
Q

Oceanic Crust

A

not as thick as continental crust (about 5 miles thick); located in crust layer of the earth

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10
Q

Tectonic Plate

A

the broken up pieces of the lithosphere

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11
Q

Sea-Floor Spreading

A

process of new oceanic crust forming as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies

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12
Q

Mid-Ocean Ridge

A

a place where sea-floor spreading takes place

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13
Q

Continental Drift

A

hypothesis that the continents once formed a single land mass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations

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14
Q

Pangea

A

the landmass that existed when all continents were joined

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15
Q

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A

longest unbroken mountain chain in the world, running through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

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16
Q

Subduction

A

occurs when 2 tectonic plates collide, and one plate moves under the other & sinks into the mantle

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17
Q

Subduction Zone

A

regions where subduction occurs

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18
Q

Theory of Plate Tectonics

A

theory explaining how tectonic plates move and change shape

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19
Q

Boundaries

A

places where tectonic plates meet

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20
Q

Convergent Boundary

A

boundary formed by collision of 2 plates (collide, crash, collision)

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21
Q

Divergent Boundary

A

boundary between 2 plates moving away from each other (separate, divide)

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22
Q

Transform Boundary

A

boundary between 2 plates that are scraping past each other (scrape)

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23
Q

Ring of Fire

A

ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Plate

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24
Q

Alfred Wegner

A

German scientists who developed the theory of continental drift

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25
Q

Lithosphere

A

consists of all of the crust as well as the upper, rigid part of the mantle

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26
Q

stress

A

a force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume

27
Q

compression

A

stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

28
Q

tension

A

stress that pulls rock until it becomes thinner in the middle or breaks

29
Q

shearing

A

stress that pushes rock in opposite directions until it breaks

30
Q

deformation

A

the change in the shape of rock in response to stress

31
Q

folding

A

bending of rock layers due to stress

32
Q

anticline

A

fold in rock that bends upward into an arch

33
Q

syncline

A

fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley

34
Q

fault

A

a break in the Earth’s crust

35
Q

normal fault

A

caused by tensional stress and results in a downward movement of the hanging wall

36
Q

reverse fault

A

caused by compressional stress and results in an upward movement of the hanging wall

37
Q

strike-slip fault

A

caused by shearing stress and results in rocks on both sides of the fault sliding past each other

38
Q

hanging wall

A

The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.

39
Q

foot wall

A

The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault

40
Q

fold mountains

A

mountains that form where two plates collide and force layers of rock into folds; formed due to compression

41
Q

fault-block mountains

A

mountains that form where two plates divide and force layers of rock to fault; formed due to tension

42
Q

volcano

A

an opening in Earth that emits gases, ash, and magma

43
Q

magma

A

molten rock inside the Earth’s crust

44
Q

lava

A

molten rock that flows from a volcano (outside the earth’s crust)

45
Q

hotspot

A

volcanically active places on Earth’s surface that are far from tectonic plate boundaries (Hawaii)

46
Q

viscosity

A

resistance to flow

47
Q

composite volcano

A

The most common type of volcano that has very explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by calm lava follows.

48
Q

cindercone volcano

A

Volcano that tends to be smaller and can form quickly. They have a dome on top and form from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material.

49
Q

shield volcano

A

Volcanoes that have gently sloping sides and can be enormous. They are formed from non-explosive eruptions with gentle lava flows.

50
Q

active

A

Volcanoes that are currently erupting or show signs of erupting in the near future.

51
Q

dormant

A

Volcanoes that are currently not erupting, but the record of past eruptions suggests that they may erupt again.

52
Q

extinct

A

Volcanoes that have not erupted in recorded history and probably never will erupt again.

53
Q

earthquake

A

a sudden movement of the Earth’s crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity.

54
Q

tectonic plates boundaries

A

most earthquakes take place along these

55
Q

focus

A

the point inside the Earth, along a fault, at which an earthquake begins

56
Q

epicenter

A

the point on the earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point, or focus

57
Q

seismologist

A

scientists who study earthquakes

58
Q

seismology

A

the scientific study of earthquakes

59
Q

seismograph

A

an instrument located at or near the surface of the Earth that records seismic waves

60
Q

seismic wave

A

the waves produced by an earthquake

61
Q

primary wave

A

the first wave to be detected during an earthquake; are longitudinal

62
Q

secondary wave

A

the second wave to be detected during an earthquake; are transverse

63
Q

surface wave

A

a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth’s surface; most destructive

6th Grade Science (1 decks)

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