Earth space and science | Final Exam Study Review

Question 1

What two elements must be present in a silicate?
a. Silicon and carbon
c. Silicon and quartz
b. Silicon and sodium
d. Silicon and oxygen

Answer 1

D. Silicon and oxygen

Silicate is a member of the family of polyatomic anions that consists of silicon and oxygen

Question 2

Which of the following groupings lists only minerals?
a. quarts, coal, granite
b. obsidian, gypsum, corundum
c. pyrite, halite, brass
d. fluorite, feldspar, and copper

Question 3

Unstable atomic nuclei decay over time into stable nuclei, causing a mineral to be
a. Phosphorescent
b. Fluorescent
c. radioactive
d. an ion

Answer 3

c. Radioactive

Question 4

Cubes and irregular masses are NOT examples of
a. chemically distinct mineral compounds
b. naturally occurring minerals
c. crystal systems
d. mineral shapes

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for determining whether or not a substance is a mineral?
a. it is inorganic
b. it occurs naturally
c. it has consistent chemical composition
d. It has a shiny surface

Answer 5

a. It is inorganic

• Minerals are naturally occuring solid, inorganic substances with a define chemical composition and structure, formed by geological processes

Question 6

The hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is
a. Talc
b. diamond
c. gypsum
d. fluorite

Answer 6

b. diamond

It’s number 10 in the Mohs scale

Question 7

which of the following is NOT one of the three great classes of rocks?
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. sandstone

Answer 7

d. sandstone

Three great classes of rocks?
- Sedimentary
- Igneous
- metamorphic

Question 8

Most metamorphic rocks from as a result of
a. foliatio
b. magma flows
c. chemical contact
d. regional metamorphism

Answer 8

b. Magma flows

Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat,high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly some combinations of these factors

Question 9

The series of changes that describe how geologic forces cause rock to change from one type to another is known as
a. Bowen’s reaction series
b. Mohs hardness scale
c. the rock cycle
d. fractional crystallization

Answer 9

c. the rock cycle

The rock cycle describe the process through which the three main rock types transform from one type into another

Question 10

what is an undersea mountain range that forms at a divergent boundary?
a. a ridge
b. a rip
c. a rift
d. a rent

Answer 10

a. a ridge
Ridges occur along direct plate boundaries where new ocean floor is created as the earth’s tectonic plates spread apart

Question 11

The Himalayan Mountains were formed in a collision at a
a. divergent boundary
b. convergent boundary
c. transform boundary
d. fracture zone

Answer 11

b. convergent boundary

Question 12

According to Wegenr what happend about 200 million years ago?
a. The south america and nazca plate collided
b. the supercontinent began breaking into smaller continents
c. Magma rose to Earth’s surface and solidifies
d. the continents drifted to their present locations

Answer 12

b. The supercontinent began breaking into smaller continents
Pangea existed about 200 million years ago. By about 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began breaking up

Question 13

The study of paleomagnetism was key in proving wegener’s hypothesis because
a. it produced evidence of seafloor spreading
b. it proved that fossils in africa and south america were identical
c. it indicate that tropical swamps covered areas that are now cold
d. it showed that countries were formed by continental drift

Answer 13

a. it provided evidence of seafloor spreading

It is provable that the seafloor was spreading, confirming the idea of the movement of continents

Question 14

The most conclusive proof for continental drift was provided by
a. the coastline of continents on a map
b. evidence of a seafloor spreading
c. identical fossils found on two separate continents
d. changes in climatic patterns

Answer 14

b. evidence of seafloor spreading

Question 15

What occurs at a transform boundary?
a. oceanic lithosphere collides with continental lithosphere
b. magma rises to the surface and forms a mid ocean ridge
c. two plates slide past each other horizontally
d. two plates collided and crumpled

Answer 15

At a transform boundary, tectonic plates slide past each other in opposite directions, causing earthquakes, dispersing rocks, and creating ridges and valleys along each side of the strike slip fault.

Question 16

Surface waves cause the ground to move most destructively
a. in a horizontal direction
b. in a black and froth direction
c. in a jerky, up and down motion
d. in a elliptical rolling motion

Question 17

On the modide mercalli scal ehow intensity XII describe

A. felt by only a few people indoors
b. causes light to moderate dmage
c. causes damage to oridnary building
d. causes total destruction

Answer 17

d. causes total destruction

XII is applied to earthquakes in which structures are destroyed the ground is cracked and other natural disasters such as landslides or tsunami are initiated

Question 18

At what location does the first motion of an earthquake occur?
a. the focus
b. the seismic gap
c. the matle
d. the epicenter

Answer 18

a, the focus
The spot underground where the rock first break us called the focus or hypocenter of the earthquake

Question 19

P waves are also know as
a. secondary waves
b. the primary waves
c. love waves
d. Rayleigh waves

Answer 19

b. primary waves
on waves similar to the motion of a slinky

Question 20

When seismologist record arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations they are lookin for the earhtquake’s
a. magnitude
b. intensity
c. epicenter
d. focus

Answer 20

c. epicenter

Question 21

what causes tsubamis?
a. magnetic ole shifts, seismeic gaps, extreme tide during winter
b. tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, landslides
c. changes in earth’s ozone layer, world climate changes, glaciers
d. undersea earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions

Answer 21

Earthquake induced movement of the ocean floor

Question 22

fault zones form at plate boundaries because
a. seismic gaps and shadow zones form there
b. very little rock stress and strain occur there
c. intense stress occurs there occur there
d. they have a long geologic hisotry of occurin in the same places.

Answer 22

when enough stress build up, movement occurs along on more of the inaivamal fault in the fault zone and sometimes causes major earthquakes

Question 23

which of the follownf is not a mojor volcanic area?
a. boundaries of tectonic plates
b. mid ocean ridges
c. central continetal plains
d. subduction zones

Answer 23

c. central continental plains

Question 24

A large depression formed by the collapse of a colcanic cone is called a
a. crater
b. cladera
c. pluton
d. trench

Answer 24

b. caldera
a caldera forms when a top or a volcanic cone collapses into the space left after magma is ejected during a violent volcanic eruption

Question 25

Volcanic ash, dust, blocks, bombs, and lapilli are all
a. felsic lava
b. pyroclastic materials
c. mafia lava
d. pahoehoe

Answer 25

b. pyroclastic material
clastic rocks composed rock fragments produced and ejected by explosive colcanicn eruption

Question 26

The eruption of mount St.Helens was
a. felsic lava
b. pyroclastic materials
c. pluton
d. trench

Answer 26

d. a stratovolcano

A volcano build up of alternate layers of lava and ash

Question 27

When lava cools rapidly, and has a smooth, ropy appearance, it forms volcanic rock known as
a. aa.
b. pahoehoe
c. blocky lava
d. lapilli

Answer 27

c. blocky lava

surface that consit of large blocks of lava

Question 28

Whoe belived that planets moved in epicycles as they revolved in larger circles around Earth?
a. Aristotle
b. Ptolemy
c. Newton
d. Copernicus

Question 29

Who proposed a leicrentric model of the univers, in which the planetsrevolve at different speeds around the sun?
a. Galileo
b. Kepier
c. Copernicus
d. Newton

Question 30

Mar’s volcanoes are larger than those of Warth because Mars
a. is so close ot the sun
b. is much older planet
c. has a thichker lava flow
d. collisions with objects in space

Question 31

Impact craters are caused by
a. solar bus
b. atmospheric changes
c. Exploding volcanoes
d. collisions with objects in space

Question 32

Which of the following planets experiences a runaway greenhouse effect?
a. Venus
b. Mercury
c. Mar
d. Earth

Question 33

which of the following is NOT true of pluto?
a. It has methane icecaps
b. It orbits the sun in a ellipse
c. It is no a gas giant
d. It is a large planet

Answer 33

d. It is a large planet

Question 34

A region of the solar system that starts just beyond Neptune’s orbit which contains dwarf planets and other small bodies made mostly of ice, is called
a. The kuiper belt
b. the outer atmospher
cc. the asteroid belt
d. the TNO

Question 35

which of the following planets is similar to Uranus in terms of its size and mass?
a. Venus
b. Neptune
c. Saturn
d. JupiterW

Question 36

Which of the following planets has the most complex ring system?
a. Neptune
b. Jupiter
c. Uranus
d. Saturn

Question 37

UrEnergy anus’s axis
a. moves in a predictable manner
b. is perpendicular to its plane of orbit
c. is almost parallel to its plane of orbit
d. flips once per orbit around the sun

Question 38

In the sun’s radiative zone, energy moves
a. by convection
v. by radiation
c. by solar wind
d. by solar eruption

Question 39

Energy produced inthe sun’s core is the result of
a. nuclear divsion
b. nuclear fission
c. nuclear fusion
d. nuclear fissure

Question 40

what elements make up most of the sun’s mass?
a. carbon and oxygen
b. carbon and hydrogen
c. helium and nitrogen
d. hydrogen and helium

Question 41

which of the following are part of the sun’s atmosphere?
a. nucleus and core
b. radiative zone and covection zone
c. photosphere and chromosphere
d. aurora and borealis

Question 42

Einstein’s equation E = mc2 help scientist understand sun’s energy because the equation
a. describes nuclear fusion
b. explains how mass can be converted into huge amounts of energy
c. describes solar flares
d. explains a star’s specific wavelengths of light

Question 42

which of the following are all part of the sun’s atmosphere ?
a. photosphere, aurora, corona
b. chromosphere, aurora, and photosphere
c. photosphere, corona, and chromosphere
d. convective zone, photosphere, corona

Question 43

the physical prperty of ________ is unrealiable as an identification clue for minerals

Question 43

a(n) _________ is a solid whose atoms, ions, or motecutes are arranged in a regualr, repeating pattern.

Question 44

The color of a mineral is poweder form is called the mineral’s ____

Question 44

A mineral is aid to have a metallic ___ if the mineral reflects light as a polished metal does

Question 45

magma that cools deep inside the crust forms ___ ingenous rock

Question 46

The three main types of rocks are sedimentary rock, organic sedimentary rock, and ____ sediemntary rock

Question 47

The three main types or rocks are sediemntary rock, metamorphic rock, and ___ rock

Question 48

The layers of melted, putty like rock just below the lithosphere is the _____.