Earth space and science | Final Exam Study Review Flashcards
This is a study pack for the final Earth space and science final exam
What two elements must be present in a silicate?
a. Silicon and carbon
c. Silicon and quartz
b. Silicon and sodium
d. Silicon and oxygen
D. Silicon and oxygen
Silicate is a member of the family of polyatomic anions that consists of silicon and oxygen
Which of the following groupings lists only minerals?
a. quarts, coal, granite
b. obsidian, gypsum, corundum
c. pyrite, halite, brass
d. fluorite, feldspar, and copper
Unstable atomic nuclei decay over time into stable nuclei, causing a mineral to be
a. Phosphorescent
b. Fluorescent
c. radioactive
d. an ion
c. Radioactive
Cubes and irregular masses are NOT examples of
a. chemically distinct mineral compounds
b. naturally occurring minerals
c. crystal systems
d. mineral shapes
Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for determining whether or not a substance is a mineral?
a. it is inorganic
b. it occurs naturally
c. it has consistent chemical composition
d. It has a shiny surface
a. It is inorganic
- Minerals are naturally occuring solid, inorganic substances with a define chemical composition and structure, formed by geological processes
The hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is
a. Talc
b. diamond
c. gypsum
d. fluorite
b. diamond
It’s number 10 in the Mohs scale
which of the following is NOT one of the three great classes of rocks?
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. sandstone
d. sandstone
Three great classes of rocks?
- Sedimentary
- Igneous
- metamorphic
Most metamorphic rocks from as a result of
a. foliatio
b. magma flows
c. chemical contact
d. regional metamorphism
b. Magma flows
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat,high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly some combinations of these factors
The series of changes that describe how geologic forces cause rock to change from one type to another is known as
a. Bowen’s reaction series
b. Mohs hardness scale
c. the rock cycle
d. fractional crystallization
c. the rock cycle
The rock cycle describe the process through which the three main rock types transform from one type into another
what is an undersea mountain range that forms at a divergent boundary?
a. a ridge
b. a rip
c. a rift
d. a rent
a. a ridge
Ridges occur along direct plate boundaries where new ocean floor is created as the earth’s tectonic plates spread apart
The Himalayan Mountains were formed in a collision at a
a. divergent boundary
b. convergent boundary
c. transform boundary
d. fracture zone
b. convergent boundary
According to Wegenr what happend about 200 million years ago?
a. The south america and nazca plate collided
b. the supercontinent began breaking into smaller continents
c. Magma rose to Earth’s surface and solidifies
d. the continents drifted to their present locations
b. The supercontinent began breaking into smaller continents
Pangea existed about 200 million years ago. By about 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began breaking up
The study of paleomagnetism was key in proving wegener’s hypothesis because
a. it produced evidence of seafloor spreading
b. it proved that fossils in africa and south america were identical
c. it indicate that tropical swamps covered areas that are now cold
d. it showed that countries were formed by continental drift
a. it provided evidence of seafloor spreading
It is provable that the seafloor was spreading, confirming the idea of the movement of continents
The most conclusive proof for continental drift was provided by
a. the coastline of continents on a map
b. evidence of a seafloor spreading
c. identical fossils found on two separate continents
d. changes in climatic patterns
b. evidence of seafloor spreading
What occurs at a transform boundary?
a. oceanic lithosphere collides with continental lithosphere
b. magma rises to the surface and forms a mid ocean ridge
c. two plates slide past each other horizontally
d. two plates collided and crumpled
At a transform boundary, tectonic plates slide past each other in opposite directions, causing earthquakes, dispersing rocks, and creating ridges and valleys along each side of the strike slip fault.
Surface waves cause the ground to move most destructively
a. in a horizontal direction
b. in a black and froth direction
c. in a jerky, up and down motion
d. in a elliptical rolling motion
On the modide mercalli scal ehow intensity XII describe
A. felt by only a few people indoors
b. causes light to moderate dmage
c. causes damage to oridnary building
d. causes total destruction
d. causes total destruction
XII is applied to earthquakes in which structures are destroyed the ground is cracked and other natural disasters such as landslides or tsunami are initiated
At what location does the first motion of an earthquake occur?
a. the focus
b. the seismic gap
c. the matle
d. the epicenter
a, the focus
The spot underground where the rock first break us called the focus or hypocenter of the earthquake
P waves are also know as
a. secondary waves
b. the primary waves
c. love waves
d. Rayleigh waves
b. primary waves
on waves similar to the motion of a slinky
When seismologist record arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations they are lookin for the earhtquake’s
a. magnitude
b. intensity
c. epicenter
d. focus
c. epicenter
what causes tsubamis?
a. magnetic ole shifts, seismeic gaps, extreme tide during winter
b. tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, landslides
c. changes in earth’s ozone layer, world climate changes, glaciers
d. undersea earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions
Earthquake induced movement of the ocean floor
fault zones form at plate boundaries because
a. seismic gaps and shadow zones form there
b. very little rock stress and strain occur there
c. intense stress occurs there occur there
d. they have a long geologic hisotry of occurin in the same places.
when enough stress build up, movement occurs along on more of the inaivamal fault in the fault zone and sometimes causes major earthquakes
which of the follownf is not a mojor volcanic area?
a. boundaries of tectonic plates
b. mid ocean ridges
c. central continetal plains
d. subduction zones
c. central continental plains
A large depression formed by the collapse of a colcanic cone is called a
a. crater
b. cladera
c. pluton
d. trench
b. caldera
a caldera forms when a top or a volcanic cone collapses into the space left after magma is ejected during a violent volcanic eruption
Volcanic ash, dust, blocks, bombs, and lapilli are all
a. felsic lava
b. pyroclastic materials
c. mafia lava
d. pahoehoe
b. pyroclastic material
clastic rocks composed rock fragments produced and ejected by explosive colcanicn eruption
The eruption of mount St.Helens was
a. felsic lava
b. pyroclastic materials
c. pluton
d. trench
d. a stratovolcano
A volcano build up of alternate layers of lava and ash
When lava cools rapidly, and has a smooth, ropy appearance, it forms volcanic rock known as
a. aa.
b. pahoehoe
c. blocky lava
d. lapilli
c. blocky lava
surface that consit of large blocks of lava
Whoe belived that planets moved in epicycles as they revolved in larger circles around Earth?
a. Aristotle
b. Ptolemy
c. Newton
d. Copernicus
Who proposed a leicrentric model of the univers, in which the planetsrevolve at different speeds around the sun?
a. Galileo
b. Kepier
c. Copernicus
d. Newton
Mar’s volcanoes are larger than those of Warth because Mars
a. is so close ot the sun
b. is much older planet
c. has a thichker lava flow
d. collisions with objects in space
Impact craters are caused by
a. solar bus
b. atmospheric changes
c. Exploding volcanoes
d. collisions with objects in space
Which of the following planets experiences a runaway greenhouse effect?
a. Venus
b. Mercury
c. Mar
d. Earth
which of the following is NOT true of pluto?
a. It has methane icecaps
b. It orbits the sun in a ellipse
c. It is no a gas giant
d. It is a large planet
d. It is a large planet
A region of the solar system that starts just beyond Neptune’s orbit which contains dwarf planets and other small bodies made mostly of ice, is called
a. The kuiper belt
b. the outer atmospher
cc. the asteroid belt
d. the TNO
which of the following planets is similar to Uranus in terms of its size and mass?
a. Venus
b. Neptune
c. Saturn
d. JupiterW
Which of the following planets has the most complex ring system?
a. Neptune
b. Jupiter
c. Uranus
d. Saturn
UrEnergy anus’s axis
a. moves in a predictable manner
b. is perpendicular to its plane of orbit
c. is almost parallel to its plane of orbit
d. flips once per orbit around the sun
In the sun’s radiative zone, energy moves
a. by convection
v. by radiation
c. by solar wind
d. by solar eruption
Energy produced inthe sun’s core is the result of
a. nuclear divsion
b. nuclear fission
c. nuclear fusion
d. nuclear fissure
what elements make up most of the sun’s mass?
a. carbon and oxygen
b. carbon and hydrogen
c. helium and nitrogen
d. hydrogen and helium
which of the following are part of the sun’s atmosphere?
a. nucleus and core
b. radiative zone and covection zone
c. photosphere and chromosphere
d. aurora and borealis
Einstein’s equation E = mc2 help scientist understand sun’s energy because the equation
a. describes nuclear fusion
b. explains how mass can be converted into huge amounts of energy
c. describes solar flares
d. explains a star’s specific wavelengths of light
which of the following are all part of the sun’s atmosphere ?
a. photosphere, aurora, corona
b. chromosphere, aurora, and photosphere
c. photosphere, corona, and chromosphere
d. convective zone, photosphere, corona
the physical prperty of ________ is unrealiable as an identification clue for minerals
a(n) _________ is a solid whose atoms, ions, or motecutes are arranged in a regualr, repeating pattern.
The color of a mineral is poweder form is called the mineral’s ____
A mineral is aid to have a metallic ___ if the mineral reflects light as a polished metal does
magma that cools deep inside the crust forms ___ ingenous rock
The three main types of rocks are sedimentary rock, organic sedimentary rock, and ____ sediemntary rock
The three main types or rocks are sediemntary rock, metamorphic rock, and ___ rock
The layers of melted, putty like rock just below the lithosphere is the _____.
