Earth Science Test

Question 1

What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?

Answer 1

Extrusive (volcanic)
Intrusive (Plutonic)

Question 2

Rocks that form on Earth’s surface

Answer 2

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 3

Rocks that have small crystals (fine grained)

Answer 3

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 4

Rocks that cool quickly

Answer 4

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 5

Rocks that cool slowly

Answer 5

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 6

Rocks that form below Earth’s surface

Answer 6

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 7

Rocks with large crystals (coarse grained)

Answer 7

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Question 8

Crystals that take a long time to cool

Answer 8

Large Crystals

Question 9

Crystals that take a short time to cool

Answer 9

Small Crystals

Question 10

70% silica - thick and viscous

Answer 10

Rhyolitic

Question 11

Andesitic

Answer 11

60% silica

Question 12

Rhyolitic

Answer 12

70% silica - thick and viscous

Question 13

60% silica

Answer 13

Andesitic

Question 14

Basaltic

Answer 14

50% silica - very hot and fluid

Question 15

50% silica - very hot and fluid

Answer 15

Basaltic

Question 16

What are the factors of magma

Answer 16

Temperature
Pressure
Water content
Mineral composition

Question 17

Temperature

Answer 17

As depth increases:
temperature increases

Question 18

Pressure

Answer 18

As pressure increases: melting point increases

Question 19

Water Content

Answer 19

Water content increase:
melting point decreases

Question 20

Mineral Composition

Answer 20

Oceanic crust (iron and magnesium) has a higher melting point.

Continental crust (silicon and aluminum) has a lower melting point

Question 21

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Answer 21

Two patterns:

Feldspar Group
Iron-magnesium Group

Question 22

Feldspar Group

Answer 22

Continuous change

As magma cools, the first feldspars are rich in calcium.

Cooling continues.

Feldspar reacts with magma and it turns to sodium rich.

Question 23

Iron-Magnesium Group

Answer 23

While magma cools, olivine crystallizes.
Magma continues to cool, olivine changes to pyroxene.
Then pyroxene changes to amphibole, and then to biotite mica.

At the end, quartz veins will form because silica and oxygen are the only substances left to solidify.

Question 24

How are Igneous rocks formed

Answer 24

Formed from cooled and crystallized molten rock, either at the surface (lava) or deep underground (magma).

Question 25

How are Sedimentary rocks formed

Answer 25

Deposition and burial then compaction and cementation

Question 26

What are the two types of Sedimentary Rocks?

Answer 26

Clastic Chemical

Question 27

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 27

Classified by their particle size, usually deposited in marine environments

Question 28

Conglomerate

Answer 28

Rounded Particles Poorly sorted/low porosity

Question 29

Breccia

Answer 29

Angular particles Poorly sorted

Question 30

Sandstone

Answer 30

High porosity (open space) Well sorted

Question 31

Siltstone

Answer 31

Silt sized grains, could have fossils No distinct layers Low porosity Well Sorted

Question 32

Shale

Answer 32

Silt and shale sized grains, could have fossils Breaks along distinct layers Low porosity Well sorted

Question 33

What are the 2 types of chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 33

Formed from evaporation Organic sedimentary rock

Question 34

Formed from evaporation

Answer 34

This occurs when the water is supersaturated with minerals and they begin to precipitate out of the solution. The process continues as the freshwater evaporates.

Question 35

Calcite

Answer 35

CaCO3

Question 36

CaCO3

Answer 36

Calcite

Question 37

Halite

Answer 37

NaCI

Question 38

NaCI

Answer 38

Halite

Question 39

Gypsum

Answer 39

CaSO4

Question 40

CaSO4

Answer 40

Gypsum

Question 41

Organic sedimentary rocks

Answer 41

Formed from once living things EX (Limestone and Coal)

Question 42

Sorting

Answer 42

When limestone is separated by size or shape

Question 43

How is Graded Bedding

Answer 43

A change in sediment size from the bottom layer to the top. Generally large sediment on the bottom and small sediment on top.

Question 44

How is Cross-bedding

Answer 44

Formed in an environments where sediment is deposited in a flowing medium water source

Question 45

How are Ripple Marks formed

Answer 45

Formed from moving water or wave action

Question 46

Layering

Answer 46

When sediment is deposited usually in horizontal layers

Question 47

Fossils

Answer 47

Remains of evidence of a once living plant or animal usually found in shale or siltstone

Question 48

How are Metamorphic rocks formed

Answer 48

High pressure and temperature combine to alter texture, mineralogy, or chemical composition of a rock without melting it

Question 49

Where does the heat that forms Metamorphic rocks come from

Answer 49

Earth's core Nearby Igneous intrusions

Question 50

Where does the pressure that forms Metamorphic rocks come from

Answer 50

Vertical rocks from overlying rocks Compressive pressure from mountain building (orogeny)

Question 51

Contact Metamorphism

Answer 51

When molten rock (igneous intrusions) comes in contact with solid rock

Question 52

Hydrothermal Metamorphism

Answer 52

When very hot water reacts with rocks and alters its chemistry and mineralogy

Question 53

Shale is the parent rock of what

Answer 53

Slate

Question 54

Granite is the parent rock of what

Answer 54

Gneiss

Question 55

Sandstone is the parent rock of what

Answer 55

Quartzite

Question 56

Limestone is the parent rock of what

Answer 56

Marble

Question 57

Shale is the parent rock of what

Answer 57

Schist