earth science Hydrologic cycle and heat capasity Flashcards
water is constantly moving through the biosphere
Hydrological cycle
changing phase from solid to liquid to gas and back again
Hydrological cycle
uses evaporation, condensation, transpiration, and precipitation
Hydrological cycle
add or release thermal energy for phase changes
Hydrological cycle
water plays a major role in the
absorption and distribution of thermal energy, influencing both weathers and climate
large reservoirs of heat
Oceans affect the distribution of heat
water has a high specific heat capacity
Oceans affect the distribution of heat
water has a low albedo, high absorption
Oceans affect the distribution of heat
90% of incoming solar radiation is absorbed
Oceans affect the distribution of heat
large effect on the weather on coastal communities
Ocean currents
influences worldwide climate
Ocean currents
starts in the Caribean and flows up the Eastern coastline at US and Canada, UP TO British isles
GULF STREAM:
Surface current
Also called North Atlantic Drift
GULF STREAM:
Surface current
The high heat of fusion and vaporization
Large reservoirs of heat
water is a fluid and heat can be distributed
Large reservoirs of heat
Areas with large bodies of water do not experience extreme weather change
Large reservoirs of heat
It takes a lot of water to heat water, so water is a heat sink
Large bodies of water moderate temp and climate
It absorbs a lot of solar radiation, keeping the region cooler during the day
Large bodies of water moderate temp and climate
it slowly reradiates the heat at hight
Large bodies of water moderate temp and climate
Huge air and ocean current distribute heat in amazing patterns around the earth, greatly affecting the climate and weather of many regions
Ocean currents
Phase changes in the hydrologic cycle play a role in global transfer of thermal energy
Phase and Global Energy
transfer of energy warms the air, which rises
Phase and Global Energy
this can cause thunderstorm or hurricanes
Phase and Global Energy
Different specific heat capacities of the earth’s different surfaces (sand, water, forest, etc) affect how much much they heat up the air and water around them.
Affects weather and climate
The earth water absorbs a lot of heat from the surrounding when condensing and it releases a lot of heat when evaporating
Affects weather and climate - energy transfer types
Energy absorbed with 1 mol of a substance changes from solid to liquid
Heat of Fusion - energy transfer types
The energy released when 1 mol of a substance changes from liquid to solid
Heat of Solidification - energy transfer types
Energy absorbed when 1 mol of substance changes from liquid to solid
Heat of Vaporation - energy transfer types
the earth land or water surface heats up as it absorbs solar radiation
Heat capacity effects on weather and climate
This thermal energy is transferred by conduction to surrounding cooler air or water causing convection currents in air and water
Heat capacity effects on weather and climate
convection currents - air circulates and distributes heat ( remember warm air in less dense, rises, cooler air descends and takes it to place close to the ground. It heats up, etc..)
Convection (transfer of thermal energy in fluids- liquids and gases)
