Earth Science 2 Flashcards
Infiltration
-water that seeps into the ground
Water cycle is also called the __________
-hydrologic cycle
Run off
-water that flows over the surface
Infiltration occurs when
-the surface is permeable and unsaturated
Porosity
-the percentage of open space
Factors affecting porosity
- shape
- packing
- sorting
_________ shape have more porosity
-round
________ packing has more porosity
-loose
Large vs. small particles and porosity
-they have the SAME porosity
Sorted vs. Unsorted and porosity
-sorted is more porous
Sorted means
-having all the same size and shape
Permeability
-the rate at which water passes through
Factors affecting permeability
- size of pores
- interconnections (attraction of water to other things)
Adhesion
-attraction between liquids and solids
Cohesion
-attraction between liquids
Capillary action
-brings water up to plants
As permeability increases, capillarity ________
-decreases
Zone of aeration
- not all wet or dry, has air spaces
- water used by plants
Water table
- top of zone of saturation
- rises when there is no more rain
Zone of saturation
- ground water
- water with some soil mixed in (no air spaces)
Pollution vs. Population
- both increase
- direct relationship
Population vs. Time
-increasing exponentially
As temperature increases, Ep _________
-increases
Storage
-maximum is 100
Surplus
- extra water
- goes into oceans and lakes
- winter time
Usage
- using water from storage
- spring time
Deficit
- no water available
- summer time
Recharge
- adding water to storage
- fall
Climate is described by _________ and _________
- temperature
- moisture
If P and Ep are numbers close together, the climate is _________
-humid
If P and Ep are numbers far apart, the climate is __________
-arid
Factors affecting climate
- latitude
- elevation
- large bodies of water
- ocean currents
- mountains
- planetary winds
Marine climates have a ________ temperature range
-narrow
A cool ocean current will make the temperatures ___________
-cooler (and vice versa)
