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Oral Communication > Earth Science-2 > Flashcards

Earth Science-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Geologic process of Earth describe the natural forces that influence the shape and structure of the planet.

A

Geologic Process of the Earth

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2
Q

formed, located or occurring beneath the surface of the earth.

A

Endogenic Process –

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3
Q

– forces within the earth that cause the ground to move

A

Endogenic Forces

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4
Q

– when the land is shaped by endogenic forces

A

Endogenic Processes

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5
Q

The Main Endogenic Process

A

Folding and faulting

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6
Q

– two forces push towards each other from the opposite sides

A

Folding

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7
Q

– fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock strata along a fault plane

A

Faulting

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8
Q

Types of Faulting

A

Normal fault (convergence)
Reverse fault (divergence)
Tear fault (transform)

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9
Q

Other endogenic (subsequent)

A

Other Endogenic Subsequent
Volcanism (volcanic activity)
Metamorphism
Earthquake (seismic activity)

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10
Q

– volcanism or magmatism (also known as volcanic activity or igneous activity)
Two types of volcanism:

A

Volcanism

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11
Q

when magma is forced into the rocks that make up the earth’s crust

A

Intrusive Volcanism

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12
Q

– are the result of magma coming from deep within the earth to surface

A

Extrusive Volcanism

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13
Q

Result of volcanism – igneous rock

A

Andesite
Granite
Pumice

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14
Q

an endogenic process which occurs when there is pressure and heat applied to geologic structures which leads to metamorphic rock

A

Metamorphism –

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15
Q

Result of metamorphism
Slate
Marble
Amphibolite

A

Slate
Marble
Amphibolite

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16
Q

– seismic activity is an sudden shaking or vibration in the earth’s crust

A

Earthquakes

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17
Q

– activities or phenomena occur on the earth’s surface

A

Exogenic process

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18
Q

–process that breaks down rock in to smaller pieces

A

Weathering

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19
Q

happens when rock is physically broken into smaller pieces

A

Physical weathering

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20
Q

Factors that affect physical weathering

A

Iced wedging
Release of pressure
Growth of plants
Animals
Abrasion

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21
Q

– process of breaking down through chemical changes

A

Chemical weathering

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22
Q

Factors that affect chemical weathering

A

Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Living organisms
Acid rain

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23
Q

– rock particles carried away by wind, water, ice, & gravity

A

Erosion

24
Q

– changes the shape of coastline

A

Erosion by water

25
Q

– can erode the land

A

Erosion by ice

26
Q

– carries dust, sand, and volcanic ash from one place to another

A

Erosion by wind

27
Q

– pulls any loose bits down the side of the hill or mountain

A

Erosion by gravity

28
Q

– natural process in which a material is carried to the bottom of bodies of water and forms to solid

A

Sedimentation

29
Q

– is the movement of rock, soil, and downward due to the action of gravity

A

Mass wasting

30
Q

Factors that triggered mass wasting

A

Over-steepened slope
Water
Earthquake
Vegetation removal

31
Q

– in 1956, observed and presupposed that shapes of continents on both sides of the atlantic ocean seem to connect to each other

A

Abraham Ortelius

32
Q

– 1912, geophysicist developed and hypothesized the continental drift theory

A

Alfred Wegener

33
Q

– proposed the existence of Tethys sea, the only recognized body of water

A

Eduard Suess

34
Q

– massive land mass

A

Pangaea

35
Q

Two giant continents:

A

Laurasia and Gondwanaland

36
Q

– a genus extinct of seed ferns

A

Glossopteris

37
Q

Tillites – glacial deposits from rock strata in areas that were once covered with snow

A

Tillites

38
Q

– fossil fuel originated from the chemically altered remains of prehistoric vegetation

A

Coal

39
Q

Evidences to support the continental drift theory:

A

•Similarity of fossils found in different continents
Presence of tillites in areas whose present climates do not suggest •glacial formation
•Presence of coal in polar regions
•Continuity of rock layers found in different continents
•Similarity of rock types in different continents

40
Q

7 continents

A

:
Russia
Asia
South America
North America
Africa
Australia
Antarctica

41
Q

– birth of plate tectonic theory

A

1940

42
Q

– suggested that the idea of mantle convection as the driving force for the movement of continents

A

Arthur Holmes

43
Q

as a substance is heated, its density decreases and rises to the surface until it cools and sank again

A

Thermal Convection

44
Q

– to specify that heat is actually radiating from the mantle

A

Mantle Convection

45
Q

: Oceanic lithosphere:
Continental lithosphere:

A

ocean & seas
land

46
Q

7 Major Plates

A

Pacific plate
Eurasian plate
North American plate
South American plate
Indo-Australian plate
Antarctic plate
African plate

47
Q

where plates meet

A

Convergent –

48
Q

moves away from each other

A

Divergent –

49
Q

slides past each other

A

Transform –

50
Q

Movement of plates results in crustal deformation (folding & faulting)

A

Crustal Deformation

51
Q

Folding – resulting from the compression of rock
Faulting – forms cracks or fractures on the rocks
Compressional stress – cause two rocks to squeeze
Example: himalayan mountains
Tensional stress – a rock pulled apart
Example: mid atlantic ridge, great african rift valley
Shear stress – deformation of a material by slippage along place
Example: small ponds, deep trench, sea floor

A

Folding

52
Q

– forms cracks or fractures on the rocks

A

Faulting

53
Q

– cause two rocks to squeeze
Example: himalayan mountains

A

Compressional stress

54
Q

– a rock pulled apart
Example: mid atlantic ridge, great african rift valley

A

Tensional stress

55
Q

deformation of a material by slippage along place
Example: small ponds, deep trench, sea floor

A

Shear stress

Oral Communication (3 decks)

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