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religion day 2 > earth science 2 > Flashcards

earth science 2 Flashcards

1
Q

if given a diagram of the earth, pick the one that looks most like a…

A

sphere

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2
Q

what is the true shape of the earth

A

oblate spheroid

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3
Q

the closer the isolines the…

A

steeper the gradient / slope

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4
Q

the basic elements of minerals are…

A

oxygen and silicon

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5
Q

physical properties of minerals depend on

A

the internal arrangement of atoms

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6
Q

the mineral and rock that react to acid are

A

calcite and limestone

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7
Q

rocks are classified on…

A

their origin / how they formed

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8
Q

how do igneous rocks form?

A

igneous rocks form from the crystallization / cooling of magma or lava

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9
Q

many igneous rocks have

A

intergrown crystals

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10
Q

intrusive igneous rocks form…

A

slowly under the earth surface - larger crystals

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11
Q

extrusive rocks form…

A

quickly above the earth surface - smaller crystals

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12
Q

sedimentary rocks form from…

A

sediments, the evaporation of water and organic remains
bioclastic - classtic - shell fragments

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13
Q

fossils are found in mostly only…

A

sedimentary rocks

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14
Q

contact metamorphism occurs when…

A

molten rock (magma/lava) comes into contact with other rocks - always igneous

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15
Q

regional metamorphism occurs…

A

over large areas - associated with mountain building

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16
Q

igneous rocks are classified on…

A

being coarse/fine, glassy or vesicular

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17
Q

sedimentary rocks are classified on…

A

clastic/ bioclastic - fossils

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18
Q

metamorphic rocks are classified on…

A

foliation

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19
Q

soils develop as a result of

A

weathering and biological activity

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20
Q

what is the primary force that drives agents of erosion

A

gravity

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21
Q

what is the most common agent of erosion?

A

running water

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22
Q

stream velocity depends on…

A

gradient and volume of water

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23
Q

the outside of a meander bend is

A

faster and erodes more

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24
Q

the inside of a meander bend is

A

slower and had more deposites

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25
Q

as stream velocity increases, the particle’s size able to be transported…

A

increases

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26
Q

streams carry sediments by

A

solution, suspension, bouncing and rolling

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27
Q

stream valleys are

A

v shaped bc of the intensity of the water eroding at the rock

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28
Q

the particles that settle first are

A

larger, most dense and roundest

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29
Q

verticle sorting is

A

when the biggest sediments are at the bottom

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30
Q

water and wind deposites are…

A

sorted by size and layered

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31
Q

glacial landscapes are

A

u shaped valley, scratched boulders and angular unsorted sediments

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32
Q

the area drained by a river is a

A

water shed

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33
Q

continents are…

A

made from granite and thick

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34
Q

oceans are

A

made from basalt and thin

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35
Q

plate tectonics are caused by

A

mantle convection currents

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36
Q

the further you get from the center of a ridge

A

the older the rocks get

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37
Q

the 3 types of plate boundaries are

A

diverging - moving away from each other - rdiges
converging - coming together and transform - sliding - faults

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38
Q

subduction is when…

A

plates sink under each other forming a trench

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39
Q

mid-ocean ridges…

A

new crust is created

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40
Q

trenches…

A

crust is destroyed

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41
Q

a seismograph gives you…

A

the epicenter distence

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42
Q

p waves are…

A

faster, first to get to the place, pass through everything

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43
Q

s waves are

A

slower, second to every place, can go through solids only - cannot go through outer core because it is a liquid

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44
Q

the bottom layer is always

A

oldest

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45
Q

faults, folds, and intrusions are…

A

younger than the rocks they are found in

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46
Q

index fossils are found…

A

over a wide area and they existed for a short period of time

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47
Q

what is an unconformity?

A

an unconformity is a buried erosional surface

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48
Q

what do unconformities represent

A

they represent a gap in the geological record

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49
Q

what is carbon 14 used to date

A

carbon 14 is used to date recent organisms

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50
Q

what surface absorbs the most amount of light

A

dark and rough surfaces absorb the most amount of light

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51
Q

what surface reflects the most light

A

light and smooth reflects the most amount of light

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52
Q

the earth absorbs mostly

A

short wavelengths and visible light energy

53
Q

the earth radiates mostly

A

long wavelengths with infrared (heat) energy

54
Q

what are the greenhouse gases

A

carbon dioxide, methane and oxygen

55
Q

conduction is…

A

the heat transfer through molecules to molecule contact

56
Q

convection is…

A

the heat transfer through fluids due to density differences

57
Q

radiation is…

A

the need for no heat transfer - can go through space

58
Q

energy moves from

A

high to low - sinks down

59
Q

kinetic energy is

A

the energy of something in movement

60
Q

potential energy is

A

the stored energy of that object - increases with height

61
Q

there is no temperature change at

A

a phase change

62
Q

good absorbers of energy are also

A

good radiators

63
Q

water is the hardest thing to

A

heat up and cool down

64
Q

water is the densest at

A

4 degrees as a liquid - density is 1

65
Q

the season are caused by…

A

the tilt of the earth on its axis. and the revolution of the earth around the sun

66
Q

as a planet gets closer to the sun

A

the planet has a faster orbit

67
Q

in the us to see the sun at noon you have to be

A

facing south

68
Q

what is the most intense angle of altitude for the sun

A

90 degrees

69
Q

vernal -spring equinox is

A

march 21st

70
Q

autumnal - fall equinox

A

September 23rd

71
Q

in the fall sun rises in the … and sets in the …

A

the sun rises in the east and sets in the west

72
Q

in the fall vertical rays hit…

A

o degrees at the equator

73
Q

the duration of insolation in the fall is

A

when the whole earth get 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of nightime

74
Q

summer solstice is

A

june 21st

75
Q

in summer sun sets

A

north of east and north of west

76
Q

during summer suns altitude is

A

the highest for the year

77
Q

in summer vertical rays hit

A

23.5 degrees north - tropic of cancer

78
Q

the duration of insolation during summer…

A

new york is 16 hours and the north pole is 24 hours

79
Q

winter solstice is

A

december 21

80
Q

during winter the sun rise in the … and sets in the…

A

during teh winter the sun rises south of east and sets south of west

81
Q

during winter the suns altitude is

A

at the lowest for the year

82
Q

during winter the vertical rays hit

A

23 degrees south - tropic of Capricorn

83
Q

during winter the duration of insolation is

A

ny gets 8 hours and north poles gets 0 hours

84
Q

shadows get longer as the…

A

sun get lower

85
Q

the equator always receives

A

12 hours of intense sunlight

86
Q

as temperature increases, air pressure

A

decreases and hot air rises

87
Q

as moisture increase, air pressure

A

decreases and clouds form in the rising air

88
Q

as altitude/ latitude increases the air pressure

A

decreases

89
Q

warm air is capable of

A

holding more water vapor than cooler air can

90
Q

wind is named for the

A

direction it comes from

91
Q

wind is caused by

A

the differences in air pressure - high to low

92
Q

precipitation occurs when

A

warm and moist air rises expands and cools

93
Q

a rising barometer means that

A

good weather is coming

94
Q

a falling barometer means

A

bad weather is coming

95
Q

a steady barometer means

A

no change is coming

96
Q

fronts occur where

A

air masses meet

97
Q

the most likely areas of precipitation are

A

the leading edges of air masses (fronts)

98
Q

the circulation around a lower-pressure system is

A

counter-clockwise, its going towards the center where the air rises

99
Q

the circulation around a high-pressure system is

A

clockwise and its moving away from the center where the air sinks

100
Q

weather systems in the us mostly move

A

from west to east

101
Q

hurricanes form over…

A

warm oceans in the summer and autumn

102
Q

marine climates have

A

cool summers and warm winters

103
Q

continental climates have

A

cold winters and hot summers

104
Q

leeward side of the mountain is

A

dry and warm due to compression

105
Q

windward sides of the mountain is

A

cool and moist due to expansion

106
Q

porosity does NOT depend on the…

A

particle size

107
Q

as a particles size increases the permeability

A

increase

108
Q

as a particles size increases capillarity

A

decreases

109
Q

moist and warm climates have

A

chemical weathering

110
Q

moist and cold climates have

A

physical weathering

111
Q

what is the proof that the universe is expanding

A

the red shift theory and background radiation

112
Q

the earths orbit around the sun is

A

a slightly eccentric ellipse

113
Q

all celestial objects appear to

A

rise in the east and set in the west

114
Q

planets appear to move

A

backwards (retrograde motion)

115
Q

geocentric

A

earths centered universe

116
Q

heliocentric is when

A

the sun is centered in the solar system

117
Q

what are the 2 proofs that the earth rotates

A

Coriolis effect and the Foucault pendulum

118
Q

the earth rotates

A

west to east at 15 degrees per hour in 24 hours

119
Q

the earth revolves

A

counter clockwise 1 degree per day and 365 1/4 days

120
Q

the moon revolves

A

around the earth in an elliptical orbit- in ine month

121
Q

a solar eclipse happens when

A

the moon is between the earth and sun and blocks out the sun

122
Q

a lunar eclipse happens when

A

the earth is between the moon and sun and earth’s shadow hits the moon

123
Q

earth is closest to the sun during what season

A

winter

124
Q

the same substance always has the

A

same density

125
Q

if you cut a piece in half it

A

does NOT change the density

126
Q

the altitude of Polaris is

A

equal to your latitude in the northern hemisphere

127
Q

the Coriolis effect deflects the winds and currents to th

A

right in the northern hemisphere

128
Q

we see moon phases because

A

the moon revolves around earth

129
Q

all weather moves to the

A

east

religion day 2 (3 decks)

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