Earth science

Question 1

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

Answer 1

1. Ask a question – What do you want to learn
2. State your Hypothesis – think of a statement about what you want to test to answer your question
3. Identify and Control Variables – make sure you are testing only one variable at a time
4. Test your hypothesis – conduct your experiments
5. Collect and Record Data – write down all the information
6. Interpret your data – read over and discuss what your data means
7. State your Conclusion – determine if your data supports your hypothesis
8. Go Further – Change your hypothesis, modify your experiments, and share your data

Question 2

What are the eight keywords to remember in the Scientific Method?

Answer 2

1. question
2. hypothesis
3. variables
4. test
5. data
6. Interpret
7. conclusion
8. further

Question 3

What’s the first step of the Scientific Method?

Answer 3

Step 1: Ask a question – what do you want to learn

Question 4

What is the second step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 4

Step 2: State your hypothesis – make a statement about what you want to test to answer the question

Question 5

What is the third step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 5

Step 3: Identify and control variables – make sure you are testing only one variable at a time

Question 6

What is the fourth step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 6

Step 4: Test your hypothesis – conduct your experiments

Question 7

What is the fifth step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 7

Step 5: Collect and record data – write down all of your information

Question 8

What is the sixth step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 8

Step 6: Interpret your data – read over and discuss what your data means

Question 9

What is the seventh step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 9

Step 7: State your conclusion – determine if your data supports your hypothesis

Question 10

What is the eighth step in the Scientific Method?

Answer 10

Step 8: Go further – Change your hypothesis, modify your experiments, and share your data

Question 11

What is the Earth’s crust?

Answer 11

The crust is the outermost solid layer. It’s where all living activity happens on Earth

Question 12

What is the Earth’s mantle?

Answer 12

The mantle is the layer of Earth beneath the crust that is liquid rock. Most of the Earth’s mass is contained in the mantle.

Question 13

What is the Earth’s core?

Answer 13

The core is the extremely hot innermost layer of the Earth.

Question 14

What is the lithosphere of the Earth?

Answer 14

The lithosphere is the Earth’s crust and the more solid upper portion of the mantle.

Question 15

What is continental drift?

Answer 15

Continental drift is a theory that the continents drifted apart and continue to do so?

Question 16

What is a theory?

Answer 16

A theory is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.

Question 17

What is convection?

Answer 17

Convection is the process by which a material is heated, expands, becomes less dense, rises above cooler material and then sinks again once it has moved away from the heat source.

Question 18

What materials make up the Earth’s crust?

Answer 18

The Earth’s crust is made primarily of…

• oxygen
• silicon
• aluminum
• iron
• calcium
• potasium
• magnesium
• all others

Question 19

What are the layers of Earth?

Answer 19

The Earth’s layers are:

• atmosphere
• crust
• mantle
• outer core
• inner core

Question 20

Who was Alfred Wegener?

Answer 20

Alfred Wegener was a German scientist, born and educated in Berlin.

Question 21

What did Wegener suggest as a theory why the coastlines looked as if they could be fitted together?

Answer 21

Wegener suggested the Continental Drift Theory.

Question 22

What is the Continental Drift Theory?

Answer 22

The Continental Drift Theory states that all the Earth’s land masses started connected together as a single giant continent.

Question 23

What did Wegener call the orginal continent?

Answer 23

Wegener called the first continent Pangea, which means “All Earth”.

Question 24

How long ago did Wegener think the continents were one land mass?

Answer 24

250 million years ago

Question 25

What biological evidence supported the theory that the continents were once connected?

Answer 25

Plant species were remarkably similar in coastline areas which would have been connected as Pangea.

Question 26

What further evidence did Wegener find to support his continental drift as a theory?

Answer 26

Wegener found that rock layers were identical in coastal areas.

Question 27

What made Wegener's theory about the continents hard to believe?

Answer 27

Wegener's theory didn't point to how such enormously heavy chunk of land could be moved.

Question 28

Which scientist explained how continental drift happens?

Answer 28

Arthur Holmes

Question 29

What force causes the continents to move?

Answer 29

Convection

Question 30

What is convection and how does it make the continents move?

Answer 30

Convection is the motion created by heated liquids, which expand and rise, and cooling liquids, which grow dense and sink. The Earth's mantle is in motion because it is heated at the core and cooled as it contacts the crust. The slow in motion it drives and drags the continental plates.