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Praxis Science Subtest 5005 > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

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1
Q

The outermost solid layer of earth

A

crust

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2
Q

Can flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure. It is not liquid it is ductile or plastic. Mainly composed of aluminum and silicates.

A

Mantle

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3
Q

The innermost layers of Earth

A

Core

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4
Q

The mantle is not liquid. This region of the mantle flows relatively easily.

A

Asthenosphere

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5
Q

The outermost and most rigid mechanical layer of earth.

A

Lithosphere

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6
Q

It encompases the lower mantle.

A

Mesophere

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7
Q

A layer of liquid iron and nickle.

A

Outer Core

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8
Q

Earth is made up of different types of spheres above the crust such as:

A

Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Cryosphere, and the Atmosphere.

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9
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outermost shell of earth.

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10
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All the water on earth in liquid form.

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11
Q

Biosphere

A

The global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms.

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12
Q

Cryosphere

A

The masses of frozen water.

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13
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layer of gases that surround the planet.

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14
Q

The gases present in earth’s atmosphere are:

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon dioxide, Helium, Neon, and other gases.

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15
Q

Earth’s atmosphere contains multiple layers such as:

A

Earth, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere

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16
Q

Are formed as a result of Earth’s tectonic plates smashing together.

A

Mountains

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17
Q

Are formed when magma from within earth’s upper mantle erupts through the surface.

A

volcanoes

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18
Q

Are formed by weathering and erosion caused by the movement of rivers.

A

Canyons

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19
Q

Are usually caused when plates rub against each other in an opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault.

A

Earthquakes

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20
Q

Is an elastic wave caused by an earthquake.

A

Seismic Wave

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21
Q

3 types of seismic waves

A

Primary- P waves- the fastest waves
Secondary S waves- travels through earths interior ( rock) and cannot travel through liquids or gases.
Surface- seismic waves the moves along earth’s surface, not through it’s interior.

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22
Q

giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.

A

Tsunamis

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23
Q

Divergent - Pulling Apart
Convergent- Coming Together
Subduction- sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate into the mantle beneath another plate.

A

Plate Tectonics

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24
Q

A mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and many organisms that together support life on Earth.

A

Soil

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25
Q

Continuous circulation of water throughout Earth and Earth’s atmosphere.

A

The Water Cycle

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26
Q

The process of the water cycle

A

Precipitation- rain and snow
Evaporation- water turns from liquid to a gas
Condensation- the formation of clouds
Transpiration- when plants suck water from roots, transport it to leaves and it is released into the atmosphere.

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27
Q

Earth is formed out of debris around the solar protoplanetary disk.

A

Hadean- 4.5 billion

28
Q

Prokaryote life, the first form of life , emerges. the atmosphere is composed of volcanic and greenhouse gases.

A

Archean-2.5 million

29
Q

Eukaryotes, a more complex form of life , emerge, including some forms of multicellular organisims.

A

Proterozoic 541 million

30
Q

Complex life, including vertebrates, begin to dominate earths ocean.

A

Phanerozoic 541 million-present

31
Q

any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.

A

Rocks

32
Q

Lava, magma, glassy , smooth, granite, pumice, obsidian.

A

Igneous Rock

33
Q

heat pressure, sparkly crystals, ribbon-like layers, marble, slate, gneiss.

A

Metamorphic Rock

34
Q

deposition, cementation, sand grains or visible pebbles; fossils may be visible. Conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, shale.

A

Sedimentary Rock

35
Q

third planet from the sun, the densest.

A

Earth

36
Q

the star at the center of the solar system

A

Sun

37
Q

Earth’s only natural satellite

A

Moon

38
Q

A planetary system that orbits the sun

A

The Solar System

39
Q

a unit of astronomical distance equal to the distance of light travels in one year.

A

Light Year

40
Q

The Speed of light in a vacuum travels 300,000 km/sec. In a vacuum is where speed of light is fastest.

A

Speed of Light

41
Q

A chunk of ice and rock originating outside of the solar system.

A

Comet

42
Q

A chunk of rock and metal in orbit in between Mars and Jupiter.

A

Asteroids

43
Q

A small asteroid

A

Meterorite

44
Q

Date in the fall when Earth experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. This occurs around September 23.

A

Fall Autumn Equinox

45
Q

Earth’s maximum tilt toward the sun, causing the longest period of daylight. This occurs around june 22.

A

Summer-Solstice

46
Q

Date in spring when earth experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. This occurs around March 21.

A

Spring-vernal Equinox

47
Q

The North Pole is tilted furthest away from the sun, causing the shortest period of daylight. This occurs around December 21.

A

Winter Solstice

48
Q

The Scientific Revolution began as the Renaissance was coming to an end.

A

The emergence of modern science

49
Q

The heliocentric theory introduced by Nicolaus Copernicus-

A

Positioned the sun at the center of the universe.

50
Q

Effects the tides

A

The Moon

51
Q

when the part of the moon that is illuminated is increasing

A

waxing moon phase
illuminated on the right side

52
Q

when the part of the moon that illuminated is decreasing,

A

Waning Moon phase
illuminated on the left side

53
Q

luminous ball of gas

A

Stars- mostly hydrogen and helium , held together by its own gravity. A star’s color relies on it’s temperature .

54
Q

emit bluer light

A

Hotter stars

55
Q

emit redder light

A

cooler stars

56
Q

Occurs when the moon passes directly behind earth into its umbra ( shadow)

A

Lunar Eclipse

57
Q

When the moon moves in front of the sun .

A

Solar Eclipse

58
Q

A time when the U.S. was competing with Russia to be the first to put a man on the moon.

A

The Space Race

59
Q

Earth spins on its axis. One full rotation on its axis every 24 hours.

A

Patterns on Earth

60
Q

Day, night, seasons, weather, phases of the moon, water cycle, life cycle.

A

Cycles on Earth

61
Q

earthquakes, storms

A

Changes on Earth

62
Q

Earth has a magnetic field the extends from it’s interior to outer space.

A

Earth’s magnetic poles

63
Q

The five main ideas under the unifying concepts and processes of science.

A

Systems, order and organizations
Evidence, models and explanations
Change, constancy, and measurement
Evolution and equilibrium
Form and function

64
Q

students must be given the opportunity to interact with the concepts they are studying.

A

Science Inquiry

65
Q

According to the National Science Teacher Association Effective Science instruction includes:

A

1.having pedagogical knowledge.
2.Providing learning opportunities that meet the individual needs of students.
3.Facilitating learning opportunities that develop students conceptual understanding.

66
Q

Using resources and research material in science

A

1.Teachers can join reputable science organizations.
2. Teachers can attend professional development that focuses on researched based strategies in science .
3. Teachers can be data driven in their decision making.
4. Teachers can engage in lifelong learning practices.

Praxis Science Subtest 5005 (3 decks)

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