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LEGS 124 > EARTH SCIENCE > Flashcards

EARTH SCIENCE Flashcards

be smart at rocks n shit

1
Q

Earth science

A

ollective name for all sciences that seek to understand earth and its neighboring space
Earth science requires an understanding of physics, chemistry, and biology, but sciences such as geology seek to expand this knowledge

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2
Q

Geology

A

examines earth, from composition and the changes it has gone or undergoes
There are different types of geology such as physical (examines materials that make up earth and understand the process beneath) and historical geology (understand the development of earth)

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3
Q

Oceanography

A

the study of the ocean and oceanic phenomena

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4
Q

Meteorology

A

study of the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena (weather and climate)

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5
Q

Astronomy

A

study of the universe including other celestial bodies and all that

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6
Q

Geologic time

A

span of time since the formation of earth 4.54 Billion years ago!

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7
Q

Hypothesis

A

a tentative explanation that is tested to determine if valid
Best to formulate more than one inorder to test multiple hypotheses, and mfs will always try and come up with alternative hypotheses
If a hypothesis cannot be tested than it is not considered scientifically useful NO MATTER HOW COOL IT SOUNDS

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8
Q

Theory

A

a well-tested and widely accepted view that explains certain observable facts
A theory is different from a hypothesis because it has been tested repetitively and is always right, like gravity

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9
Q

Nebular theory

A

the basic idea that the sun and the planets formed from the same cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space
Basically that our solar system evolved from a rotating cloud of gas and dust called a nebula cloud formed by the beautiful dead stars

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10
Q

Earth system:

A

earth viewed as a dynamic system of moving parts including the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere

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11
Q

Hydrosphere

A

water portion of our planet

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12
Q

Atmosphere

A

the gaseous portion of the planet mostly like air and shit

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13
Q

Biosphere

A

all of life on earth everything, like even air bacteria

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14
Q

Geosphere

A

solid earth
The geosphere also contains the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core

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15
Q

crust

A

he smallest part of earths layers, but it’s where we all live,

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16
Q

mantle

A

2900 kilometers thick and lies under the crust

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17
Q

outer core

A

made out of liquid metals from the center
The outer core also goes through a process where the cooled metal goes down and the hot metal rises and crated movement under the earth

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18
Q

Inner core

A

solid hot ass metal that holds so much fucking heat from the sinking of heavy metals

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19
Q

Lithosphere

A

rigid outer layer of earth including the crust and upper mantle

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20
Q

Asthenosphere

A

below lithosphere and contains weak material that ranged from 100 kilometers to 700 kilometers and can easily be deformed

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21
Q

Oceanic basins

A

deep submarine region that lies beyond continental margins
Average depth of ocean floor is 3.8 kilometers below sea level

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22
Q

Asteroids

A

are small,
rocky, bodies that
lie in a main “belt” in a main “belt”
between Mars and between Mars and Jupiter 300,000 known

23
Q

Star

A

a large,
glowing ball of gas that glowing ball of gas that’s held together by it is held together by its
own gravity and
generates heat and light
through nuclear fusion
Our Sun is a star

24
Q

Planets cancan be

A

rocky, gaseous or icy in composition

25
Q

there are 8 planets in our solar system

A

mercury, Venus , earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

26
Q

terrestrial planets

A

small rocky plants (mercury, Venus, earth, mars)

27
Q

Jovian planets

A

large hydrogen rich planets
(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

28
Q

galaxy

A

group of 200-400 billion stars clustered together by gravity

29
Q

local group

A

50 galaxies that we are a part of

30
Q

supercluster

A

our local group is part of a sevral thousand local groups cocntraing 10 to the 16th stars

31
Q

crab nebula

A

expanding ruminants of a stars supernova explosion

32
Q

gravity

A

around 4.7 bya the nebular cloud collapsed in on itself due to gravity

33
Q

planetesimals

A

small bodies that are not planets but not asteroids

34
Q

accelaration

A

repeated collisions between solid particles in disc

35
Q

nebular theory

A

our universe was formed 4.54 billions years ago do to our nebular gas cloud

36
Q

gravitational separation

A

the heavier elements (iron and nickel) sink into the center of planet

37
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

38
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

heat always flows from hot objects to cold objects

39
Q

geothermal energy

A

internal heat from core

40
Q

chemical compound

A

bonded atoms

41
Q

minerals

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and an orderly internal structure of atoms (crystaline)

42
Q

mineraloids

A

naturally occurring substance that resemble minerals, but have organic origins such as pearls and amber

43
Q

native element

A

occur in pure form (like gold)

44
Q

how do minerals grow

A

best packing arrangement that uses the least amount of energy creatine a crystalline organized shape

45
Q

amorphous

A

materials that lack crystal structure

46
Q

microcrystalline

A

contains tiny crystals that are visible only though microscope

47
Q

rock

A

naturally occurring solid mass of mineral or mineral like matter

48
Q

whats NOT a rock buy you think it is

A

concrete, porcelain, plastic, streel. tar. natural gases like oil n shit

49
Q

igneous rocks

A

formed when lava or magma cools and hardens

50
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

formed in two ways, 1)loose pieces of pre existing rock or 2) precipitation from dissolved chemicals in seawater due to physical or biological processes

51
Q

metamorphic rock

A

pre-existing rocks that undergo a physical change due to intense heat and pressure

52
Q

magma

A

molten material inside earth

53
Q

intrusive rocks

A

igneous rocks inside earth that are formed through magma

54
Q

lava

A

molten mineral that is ejected onto the surface via a vent

LEGS 124 (2 decks)

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