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Earth science > Earth science > Flashcards

Earth science Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Radio
A

: Longest; least energetic

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2
Q
  • Gamma Rays
A

used in radiation for cancer treatments; most energetic

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3
Q

Spectrum of waves in order

A
  • Radio: Longest; least energetic
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared: heat energy
  • Visible Light: only type of energy perceived by humans
  • Ultraviolet: from sunlight-humans make vitamin D from UV
  • X-rays: used to see hard substances beneath skin surface
  • Gamma Rays: used in radiation for cancer treatments; most energetic
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4
Q

Red

A

Red has the longest wavelength

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5
Q

Violet

A

Violet has the shortest wavelength

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6
Q

SPECTROSCOPY

A

The study of light
All elements have their own spectrum, like a fingerprint

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7
Q
  • Continuous Spectrum
A

uninterrupted band of colors (ROYGBIV)

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8
Q
  • Emission Spectrum
A

lines of emitted light appearing against a black background

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9
Q
  • Absorption Spectrum
A

continuous spectrum where light is absorbed and seen as black lines (no light)

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10
Q

DOPPLER EFFECT

A

As an object moves, the wavelengths change. This is sometimes called RED SHIFT.

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11
Q

What color does a thing become when its coming to you

A

An object moving toward the observer would shift to the blue/purple end of the spectrum and have shorter wavelengths.

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12
Q

What color does a thing become when its going away

A

An object moving away from the observer would shift to the red end of the spectrum and have longer wavelengths

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13
Q
  • Light year
A

: unit of distance; how far a photon (particle) of light travels in one year (used to measure outside of solar system)

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14
Q
  • Astronomical Unit
A

average distance between the Earth and the Sun (used to measure within our solar system); Sun = 93 million miles

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15
Q

ASTRONOMY

A

The study of the universe (NOT ASTROLOGY

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16
Q

Geocentric

A

all planets and the sun orbits around the earth (incorrect); Ptolemy (geo-earth; centric-centered)

17
Q

Heliocentric

A

:all planets orbit the sun (correct); Copernicus (helio-sun; centric-centered)
Religion in the 1500’s suppressed the heliocentric model because it went against their doctrines

18
Q

ROTATION

A

The rotating of a planet/star on its axis
1 rotation = 1 day
Earth day = 24 hours
Only 50% of Earth is illuminated at any given time

19
Q

REVOLUTION

A

The movement of a planet, star, or other celestial debris (ex. comet) around its main star
Also called orbit
1 revolution = 1 year
Earth year: 365.25 days

20
Q

PERIHELION

A

The point in Earth’s orbit where it is closest to the Sun (Jan. 6)

21
Q

APHELION

A

The point in Earth’s orbit where it is farthest from the Sun (July 6)

22
Q

SEASONS

A

Caused by the tilt (23.5o) of Earth’s axis. Equinox: days and nights of equal length (equi-equal; nox-night)

23
Q

When are the seasons solist (IK i spelled dat wrong)

A

Vernal: March 20-21, Autumnal: September 20-21 Solstice: days and nights of unequal length Summer: June 20-21, Winter: December 20-21.

24
Q

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

A

On Winter Solstice, December 20, shortest day of the year
**In polar regions, 24 hours of darkness (sun does not rise; dark 24 hours)
**North Pole tilted away from the Sun
The Southern Hemisphere experiences seasons opposite from the Northern Hemisphere

25
Q

Umbra

A

total shadow cast during an eclipse

26
Q

Penumbra

A

partial shadow cast during an eclipse

27
Q

Solar

A
  • Occur during a new moon phase
  • The Moon eclipses the Sun casting a shadow on the Earth
28
Q

Lunar

A
  • Occur during full moon phase
  • The Earth eclipses the Sun and casts a shadow on the Moon
29
Q

MOON (LUNA)

A
  • Diameter: 2160 miles
  • Temperature: extreme differences because there is no atmosphere
  • Average distance from Earth: 238,000 miles
  • Sidereal Month: 27.3 days (orbit around Earth)
  • Lunar Month: 29.5 days (new moon to new moon phase)
  • Moon rises 50 minutes later each day because the Earth spins faster than the moon.
  • We see only one side of the Moon because it rotates on its axis about as fast as it orbits the Earth
30
Q

PERIGEE

A

Point in the Moon’s orbit around the Earth when it is closest to the Earth

31
Q

APOGEE

A

Point in the Moon’s orbit around the Earth when it is farthest to the Earth

32
Q

Maria

A

dark, smooth areas on the lunar surface (mar-sea)

33
Q

Highlands

A

:light, pitted areas on the lunar surface

34
Q

Craters

A

circular depressions caused by impacts form debris

35
Q

MOON PHASES

A

Occur from changes in the sunlight that is reflected from the Moon.
29.5 day cycle from full moon to next full moon

36
Q

Spring Tide

A

Occurs during new and full moon phases; Highest high tides and lowest low tides;
Earth-Moon-Sun form a line

37
Q

Neap Tide

A

Occurs during quarter moon phases; Lowest high tides and highest low tides;
Earth-Moon-Sun at right angle

Earth science (1 decks)

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