Earth Science

Question 1

Mid Ocean Ridges:

Answer 1

Mountain Ridges on the ocean floor

Question 2

Trenches:

Answer 2

Deep valleys in the ocean floor

Question 3

Sea Floor Spreading:

Answer 3

The process of magma rising to the surface at mid ocean ridges to from new crust.

Question 4

Theory of Plate Tectonics:

Answer 4

The lithosphere is broken into large plates that interact and cause geological events

Question 5

Tectonic Plates:

Answer 5

Large plates that float slowly on a layer of fluid-like rock in the Earth’s Mantle

Question 6

Divergent Plate Boundary:

Answer 6

When two tectonic plates move away from each other

Question 7

Convergent Plate Boundary:

Answer 7

When two tectonic plates move towards each other

Question 8

Transform Plate Boundary:

Answer 8

When two tectonic plates slide past each other

Question 9

Mantle Convection:

Answer 9

the process of the mantle heating up and rising to the surface where it cools and sinks down once more, repeating the process

Question 10

Earthquake:

Answer 10

Shaking of the
earth’s crust from a sudden
release of energy caused by
movement along faults

Question 11

Fault:

Answer 11

Fractures (cracks) in the Earth’s
crust. They can be as small as a
few millimeters and as large as
several kilometers.

Question 12

Focus:

Answer 12

The point where
breakage of rock inside
Earth first happens

Question 13

Seismic wave:

Answer 13

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means

Question 14

Epicentre:

Answer 14

the
point on Earth’s
surface above
where an
earthquake starts
(above the focus)

Question 15

Seismographs:

Answer 15

instruments used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake

Question 16

Magnitude:

Answer 16

the size of an Earthquake

Question 17

Volcano:

Answer 17

opening in Earth’s
surface where magma and
other materials are released

Question 18

4 Aspects of Primary Waves:

Answer 18

Cause rock particles to move forward and backward
(compress and expand like an accordion),
Move the fastest,
Are the first ones detected
in an earthquake,
Can travel through liquids and solids (Earth’s
interior)

Question 19

3 Aspects of Secondary Waves

Answer 19

Move slower than P waves, faster than
surface waves,
Causes rock particles to move up and down
or side to side,
Can only travel through solids

Question 20

4 Aspects of Surface Waves

Answer 20

On the surface and often cause,
the greatest damage
Cause rock particles to move
up and down, and side to side,
Slowest of the three waves,
Can travel along the surface of Earth
(not through Earth’s interior)

Question 21

4 Aspects of Surface Waves

Answer 21

On the surface and often cause,
the greatest damage
Cause rock particles to move
up and down, and side to side,
Slowest of the three waves,
Can travel along the surface of Earth
(not through Earth’s interior)

Question 22

What are the layers of the Earth and their order (Surface to Core)

Answer 22

Crust, Upper Mantle, Lower Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

Question 23

Hot Spots:

Answer 23

hot regions of Earth’s
mantle where magma rises to the
surface by breaking through weak parts
of the lithosphere

Question 24

Hot Spot Volcanoes

Answer 24

Tectonic plates can move over fixed
areas called hot spots, creating a trail
of volcanic islands, Volcanoes can form above hot spots as the
magma rises and melts through the crust