Earth Sciece Flashcards
Lithosphere
the hard outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Asthenosphere
the upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
Mantle
is the part of the earth between the core and the the crust is the mantle. It is about 2,900 kilometers thick and makes up nearly 80 percent of the Earth’s total volume.The mantle is made up of magma and rock.
Core
The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,260 kilometers thick. It is made of iron and nickel. This is above the Earth’s solid inner core and below the mantle
Seismic
waves of energy that travel through the Earth’s crust, caused by earthquakes
Continental drift
movement of the plates of the Earth’s crust in relation to each other
Pangaea
a super-continent that existed about 225 million years ago. All of the landmasses that existed at this time were joined together to form this super-continent.
Panthalassa
the vast sea surrounding the supercontinent of Pangaea
Tremors
vibration on the Earth’s surface caused by an earthquake
Epicentre
the point on the Earth’s centre directly above the site where an earthquake originates
Focus
the point at which an earthquake begins
Triangulation
finding a location by using at least three different sources of detection
Seismograph
an instrument used to detect and measure the intensity of an earthquake
Richter scale
a scale that measures the amount of energy released during an earthquake
P-waves or Primary waves
compression waves that move through the Earth in the same way that sound waves move through air
Secondary
the second set of waves to be detected after P-waves. During seismic activity, secondary waves or S-waves travel in the form of transverse waves
S-waves
the second set of waves to be detected after P-waves. During seismic activity, secondary waves or S-waves travel in the form of transverse waves.
Body waves
waves that travel through the interior of the Earth; P-waves and S-waves are said to be body waves
Surface waves
(or L-waves) earthquake waves which travel only through the Earth’s crust; they are responsible for the majority of an earthquake’s destructive power
Seismologists
a scientist who studies earthquakes
Tsunamis
a powerful ocean wave triggered by an undersea earth movement
Meltdowns:
the melting of a nuclear-reactor core as a result of a serious nuclear accident
Volcanoes
natural opening in the Earth’s crust connected to areas of molten rock deep inside the crust
Magma
a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle
Lava
mixture of molten rock and gases that has reached the Earth’s surface from a volcano
Volcanic bombs
large rock fragment that is blown out of erupting volcanoes; also known as a lava bomb
Active
describes a volcano that is erupting or has recently erupted
Extinct
describes a volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years and is effectively dead
Dormant
describes a volcano that has not erupted for more than 20 years but is not considered extinct