Earth sci- chapter 2

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

smallest particles of matter that rteain all the characteristics of element

Question 2

atomic structure

Answer 2

nucleus-central region; contains protons (+) and neutrons

electrons- neg charge particles surrounding nucleus; located in discrete energy level called shells

Question 3

ions

Answer 3

ion or molecule that has an electrical charge

Question 4

isotopes

Answer 4

varities of same element that have different mass numbers; their nuclei contain the same number of protons but diff # of neutrons

Question 5

octet rule

Answer 5

atom, gains, loses, or shares electrons until surrounded by 8 valence electrons; want to be like noble gas

Question 6

silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

Answer 6

SiO4

silicate minerals comprised of it

Question 7

silicates

Answer 7

igneous rock forming minerals
olivines
pyroxenes (augite)
amphiboles (hornblende)
micas
feldspars
quartz

Question 8

non-silicates

Answer 8

carbonates- calcite, dolomite
halides- halite flourite sylvite
oxides- hematite magnetite corundum ice
sulfides- galena sphalerite pyrite 
sulfate-gypsum barite anhydrite
native elements- gold, copper,silver, diamond, sulfur, graphite, platinum

Question 9

quartz

Answer 9

SiO2

Question 10

calcite

Answer 10

CaCO3

Question 11

halite

Answer 11

NaCl

salty

Question 12

mineral

Answer 12

naturally occuring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical compmosition

Question 13

cleavage

Answer 13

tendency to break along planes of weakness
produces flat shiny surface
described by # of planes and # of anlges

Question 14

basal

Answer 14

one direction
thin sheets
muscovite

Question 15

prismatic

Answer 15

2 directions
at 90 rectangle cross section- feldspar
not at 90 parallel cross sections- hornblende

Question 16

cube

Answer 16

3 directions
at 90
halite

Question 17

rhombohedron

Answer 17

3 directions not at 90

calcite

Question 18

octahedron

Answer 18

4 directions

flourite

Question 19

dodecahedorn

Answer 19

6 directions